SUMMARY


ASSESSMENT OF WHEAT ROOT BIOMASS IN A PROTOTYPE OF THE INTEGRATED ARABLE FARMING SYSTEM IN THE MAIZE-GROWING REGION
Hartman Ivo 1
Pokorný Eduard 2

1 Ústav obecné produkce rostlinné, MZLU v Brně, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 BRNO, hartman@mendelu.cz
2 Ústav půdoznalství a mikrobiologie, MZLU v Brně, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 BRNO

The objective of the study was to assess wheat root biomass as an additional parameter for calculation of organic matter balance in a crop rotation. The data were obtained in durum winter wheat (1997, variety SOLDUR) and spring wheat (1998, variety MUNK was sown after winter kill of durum wheat) in a prototype of the integrated arable farming system in the maize-growing region, location Žabčice (KŘEN 1996). Vertical distribution of roots in the soil profile was determined using samples of split soil monoliths (HRON 1959) when 10-cm thin layers were cut off from a prism of 50 x 50 cm in soil probe. Prior to root isolation, the samples were placed in dishes filled with water and washed by hands on sieves in running water after three days. The obtained roots were dried up at 105 °C and weighed. In the entire examined soil profile (0 - 0.6 m), 4686 kg and 4900 kg of biomass dry weight of post-harvest residues and roots per m2 were assessed in 1997 and 1998, respectively.The obtained results show higher values when compared with literary data.


THE MOLECULAR MARKERS OF WINTER AND FROST RESISTANCE OF BARLEY
Musil David


Ústav pěstování a šlechtění rostlin, Mendelova zemědělská univerzita v Brně, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, dmusil@post.cz

The objective of this work is verification of dehydrins and COR-proteins like a molecular makers of winter and frost resistance of barley. In the first time we will watch the occurrence of these markers in ripe seeds, in germination seeds with the water and temperature stress and after application of ABA, at winter and spring forms and various cultivars for using these molecular markers to selection and evaluation of varieties. We will appreciate the limits of winter resistance at hybrids between winter and spring varieties after these markers in comparation with owerwintering in field and control conditions. In spring 1999 we bred by diallel way six winter cultivars (Babylone, Monaco, Kamil, Kromír, Luxor, Okál) and one spring variety (Akcent). The contents of markers we will determine at 100 lines of F3 generation. The occurrence of dehydrins and COR-proteins will be tested by PCR method after their DNA markers too.


FLAX (Linum usitatissimum L.) BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS
Krulíčkova Kateřina1
Pošvec Zdenek2

1 Ústav botaniky a fyziologie rostlin, MZLU Brno, Zemedělská 1, 613 00 Brno,krulicek@mendelu.cz
2 Oddělení biochemie, Agritec Šumperk s.r.o, Šumperk



A set of twenty-eight fibre flax and linseed cultivars differing in morphology and economic characteristics were explored by electrophoresis in five ontogenetic phases. Isozyme markers of individual cultivars were identified. The highest level of polymorphism was found in esterase (EST) and acid phosphatase (ACP), polymorphism was detected also in aconitase (ACO), diaforase (DIA), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), peroxidase (PRX) and superoxi dismutase (SOD) as well. The highest number of unique isozymic spectra, i.e. isozymic spectrum specific for defined cultivar, enzyme and ontogenetic phase was detected in the phase of shoots with removed cotyledons. Electrophoretical analyses of all polymorphic isozymes enable us to distinguish 20 cultivars (71%) in the studied cultivar set.
Assessment of potential soil weed infestation
Smutný Vladimír


MZLU v Brně,ústav obecné produkce rostlinné, Zemědělská 1, 613 00, Brn, smutny@mendelu.cz


Potential weed infestation of the soil is defined as a set of living weed seeds and fruits (or vegetative generative organs) present at the given location and exhibiting a danger of weed infestation of grown crops. From the practical point of view it is the determination of seeds and fruits of weed species buried in the topsoil (mostly to a depth of 30 cm) and conversion to an area of 1 m2 or 1 ha. The aims of the study are to investigate possibilities of using methods for the assessment of potential weed infestation of the soil referred to in the literature and to improve their effectiveness along with the corresponding accuracy of achieved results. Problems are solved in the following steps: soil sampling, separation of samples, and the identification and counting and/or determination of viability of weed seeds in soil samples.
Kontrola průběhu zrání Eidamské cihly
Kubiš Igor

Technologie potravin, AF, MZLU v Brně, kubis@mendelu.cz

Six Edamer bricks 30% FDM were analysed for ripening development after periods 1, 4, 7 and 11 weeks. Cheese ripening was determined according to total soluble N pH 4.6 by UV spectrofotometry and at the same time sensory analysis was performed. Methods are compared (fig 1). Both methods showed similar trend and it is suitable to use them together for random control of ripening process of Edamer cheese.
Projev interakce odrůd konopí setého (Cannabis sativa, L.) s agrotechnickými zásahy na produkci technicky využitelné biomasy.
Manhalterová Martina
KocourkováBlanka

Ústav pěstování a šlechtění rostlin, MZLU v Brně

In 1996 - 1999, hemp (Cannabis sativa, L.) has been observed for his technical utilization (to 0,3 % THC - tetrahydrocannabinol) on plots of Agritec firm, Ltd., Šumperk. Experiments have been founded at two levels of fertilization (20 and 80 kg N/ha) and at three norms of sowing (1, 2 and 3,5 milion germination seeds). Have been observed the cultivars Juso 11 (Ukrajine), Beniko B, D 83 and Bialobrzeskie (Poland), Tardif 74, Early (France). In experiments were evalueted characteristics of morfology and mass and the containt of THC in period of blooming. All cultivars don´t exceed norm for his technical utilization.
The role of metalworking fluids in the shape process
Stejskal Bohdan

Ustav zakladu techniky a opravarenstvi, bstejskal@post.cz

Within my work I decided to study and compare the role of metalworking fluids on quality of the shape process. Metalworking fluids play the key role in productive and economical shaping. The application of metalworking fluid is the most limiting factor for the tool durability, the quality of cut surface and the work productivity. I decided to compare different metalworking fluids so I will watch the roughness and microhardness of surface, the wear of grinding wheel and the debasing of the metalworking fluid for different kinds of metalworworking fluids.
Allosucking and mismothering by cattle (Bos taurus)
Víchová Jitka
Bartoš Luděk


VÚŽV Praha - Uhříněves, oddělení etologie, Přátelství 815, 104 00 Praha 10 - Uhříněves , vichova@vuzv.cz

key words: behaviour, sucking, allosucking, mismothering, cattle
Comparison of cholesterol content of hen and quail eggs
Gál Robert
Ingr Ivo

AF MZLU v Brně, Ústav technologie potravin, Zemědělská 1, 613 00, rogal@mendelu.cz


The reaction of genetic resourses of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on the effect of increasing seeding rates.
Vránová Jana1
Martinek Petr2

1 Ústav genetiky, oddělení genetiky rostlin, MZLU Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno
2 Zemědělský výzkumný ústav kroměříž, s. r. o., Havlíčkova 2787, 767 41 Kroměříž

In 1996 and 1997 on 5 m2 plots in three random replications we studied the effect of increasing seeding rates: 2.0; 2.5; 3.0; 3.5; 4.0; 4.5 and 5.0 million germinating seeds (MGS) per 1 ha on yield characteristics of three genetic resourses of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with a higher weight of grain in the spike, associated with a different spike morfology. We used: KM 142-94 with a markadly elongated spike - normal strukture (NS) gigas, KM 1307-95 with vertical sessile spikelets (VSS), KM 2217-95 with screwed spike rachis (SCR) and two control varieties, i. e. Astella and Record, registered in the Czech republic in 1995 and 1998. The results confirmed the capacity of the KM-genotypes with a higher sipke productivity to maintain a higher spike weight even when the seeding rate was higher. In general, however, the yields of the Astella and Record varietes were on average by 30% higher. Genotypes with a non-standard morfological spike strukture showed a lower tillering capacity a lower numbr of spike per 1m2 compared with the controls. Maximal yields were obtained when the seeding rate eas lower (3,5 - 4,5 MGS per 1 ha), while the higher yields of control varietes were obtained with higher seeding rates (4.0 - 4,5 MGS per 1 ha). The weight of the grain in the spike of genotypes with a non-standard spike morfology was higher with all the seeding rates. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., morphological spike structure, spike productivity, genetic resourses, seeding rate, yields.
NAZV EP0960996132
THE EFFECT OF SULPHUR APPLIED DURING INCREASING DOSES OF NITROGEN ON THE CONTENT OF NUTRIENTS IN PLANTS, ON YIELD AND LEVEL OF N-SUBSTANCES IN THE GRAIN OF SPRING WHEAT
Ryant Pavel


MZLU v Brně, Ústav agrochemie a výživy rostlin, Zemědělská 1, CZ 61300 BRNO, ryant@mendelu.cz

The considerable reduction of sulphur deposits, transition to so-called concentrated fertilisers, the use of more productive varieties and lower amounts of farm manure, have recently greatly increased the importance of sulphur for some farm crops, particularly oil plants, cereals and bulbous vegetables. The objective of the present paper was to evaluate the effect of applications of sulphur to the soil on the content of nutrients in plants at the begining of shooting, on yields and level of N-substances in spring wheat grain. Incorporation of sulphur into the soil increased its level in the wheat plants, narrowing the N/S ratio. No marked differences were found among the varieties in terms of the level of the other studied elements (P, K, Ca, Mg) in the plants. The application of sulphur as the basic fertiliser positively effected yields, especially under lower doses of N. The low yields in 1997 were caused by hailstorms and by the July floods. Sulphur applications did not considerably change the level of N-substances. In 1997 and 1998 the respective levels of N-substances were approximately 11.5% and 12-14%.

THE STRUCTURE OF CROPS ON ARABLE LAND IN THE NORTH MORAVIAN REGION
Dvořáková Alena


MZLU v Brně, Ústav krajinné ekologie, Zemědělská 1, CZ 61300 BRNO, alena@mendelu.cz

To evaluate the structure of crops on arable land from the viewpoint of their anti-erosive effects, the percentage of crops with a low anti-erosive effects (i.e. root crops, vegetables and crops with wide rows and thin canopy) were compared with those showing a high anti-erosive protection (i.e. lucerne and red clover). The study was evaluated in all districts of North Moravian Region during years 1996 and 1997 on the basis of the information from Czech Statistical Office. The analysis showed a decrease in the acreage of crops with low anti-erosive effects in year 1997. The exceptions were the districts Frýdek-Místek and Jeseník. From the viewpoint of the risk of water erosion the structure of crops in 1997 was better than in 1996. The largest area where the former was grown was in district Ostrava-town (33%). The smallest one was in Bruntál (8%). The acreage in Karviná showed the greatest decrease (7%). On the other hand, the acreage of crops with high anti-erosive effects was increased in 7 districts of the North Moravian Region. This is a positive signal indicating an improvement of the current situation. The highest percentage of the latter was grown in district Vsetín (50%). On the contrary, the least proportion had Olomouc and Ostrava-town (7%).The obtained results could be used as one of the sources of data enabling to define priorities of erosion protection in individual districts of the North Moravian Region.

FLUXES OF SUBSTANCES AND ENERGY BETWEEN STAND AND BOUNDARY LAYER OF THE ATMOSPHERE
HAVRÁNKOVÁ, K.


Laboratoř ekologické fyziologie lesních dřevin, Ústav ekologie krajiny AV ČR, Poříčí 3b, 603 00 Brno

The aim of the work is to describe an interaction of forest spruce stand and boundary layer of the atmosphere and its influence on the microclimate of the forest and its growth. The system Edisol, which is the methodological standard in the EU countries, is used to evaluate the fluxes of substances and energy between the forest stand and the atmosphere. The main characteristics calculated by the system, which are used to characterise the forest microclimate, are latent and sensible heat. They describe the energy balance in the forest. Next important item is CO2 flux, which tells us how much of the CO2 was used for the photosynthesis during the day and respiration during the night, so that the calculation of newly produced biomass can be made. The important part of the work is also the verification of the measured values and this is made by comparing different sensors or by using computer models.

Study minimisation waste and prevention pollution
Kotovicová Jana


VUT FSI, Ústav procesního a ekologického inženýrství, Technická 2, 616 69 Brno, kotovic@upei.fme.vutbr.cz

This dissertation focuses on several objectives which I have achieved in the course of my PhD studies. The first objective was a survey and a review of experience in the field of applying Cleaner Production (CP) methodology in the Czech Republic, especially in regional projects. I selected regional projects after extensive consultations with the field experts. The reason is that the benefits of preventive approach applied to one organisation remain locally limited whereas CP regional application shows significant improvement of the overall environment. This was the main focus of my theses. Another significant objective of my theses is evaluation of the potential of the CP approach applied in organisations where the majority owner is the local council. One type of such organisation is water (supply and treatment) and sewage company Vodovody a kanalizace Zlín. For the first time in the Czech Republic we have demonstrated a successful application of CP methodology in an organisation whose activities have such substantial environmental aspects. VaK Zlín CP project detail analysis is included in the theses. The important result of the project is that the organisation is currently being prepared for ISO 14 001 certification. A separate chapter of my theses deals with CP training methodology. I believe that this experience can be utilised for various university courses. The theses also includes the results of the student successful CP projects.

Effects of continuous administration of selected probiotic preparations on chicken broiler performance and nitrogen output in droppings
Kumprechtová Dana 1
Zobač Petr2
Kumprecht Ivan 2

1 Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Dept. of Physiology, Morphology and Veterinary Science, Zemědělská 1, Brno, 613 00, Czech Republickumprech@login.cz
2 Research Institute of Animal Nutrition, Ltd., Vídeňská 699, Pohořelice, 691 23, Czech Republic

In 3 trials with 240, 320 and 320 ROSS male broilers each consisting of a feeding comparative trial from 1-42 days of age and a group metabolic trial (48, 64 and 64 birds in trials 1,2,3, respectively) from 22-42 days of age the effects of administration of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sc47 (B), Enterococcus faecium M74 (L) and Bacillus toyoi (T) in diets BR1 (days 1-21) and diets BR2 with different contents of crude protein (days 22-42; b0-21.97% CP, 11.86 MJ/kg ME in BR2; b1-19.49% CP, 12.14 MJ/kg ME in BR2) were investigated. Probiotic supplementation per 100 kg feed: Trial 1: 0; 100g B; 200g B. Trial 2: 0; 100g B; 4g L; 100g B + 4g L. Trial 3: 0; 100g B; 10g T; 100g B + 10g T. Body weight at 42 days of age was non-significantly increased by the probiotics (+1.38% to +4.50%). BR1 consumption per kg weight gain was significantly decreased by L (-1.85%, P<0.05;) and by B+L (-3.84%, P< 0.01). Total feed consumption per 1 kg weight gain was non-significantly decreased by the probiotics (-0.48 to -1.32%). The highest N retention was achieved with B (+5.25%), B+T (+6.37%, P<0.05), the lowest N output in droppings per kg weight gain with B(-9.95%), B+T(-8.75%). The effects of probiotics on growth, feed conversion, N retention and N output were more pronounced when administered in BR diets with 19.49% CP.
Key words probiotics, chicken broilers, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sc47, Enterococcus faecium M74, Bacillus toyoi, growth, feed conversion, N retention, N output in droppings


Polymorphism of the OPN gene and determination of the genotype in selected breeds of pigs.
Putnová Lenka


MZLU v Brně, Ústav genetiky, Zemidilská 1, CZ 61300 BRNO, putnova@mendelu.cz

Osteopontin (secreted phosphoprotein 1; SPP1; OPN) is a phosphorylated glycoprotein expressed by specialized epithelial cells, bone cells, macrophages, activated T-lymphocytes and transformed cells. The protein is characteristically enrinched in milk and in the mineralized matrix of bone. The synthesis of OPN is regulated by glucocorticoids, growth factors, by the osteotropic hormone calcitriol and retinoic acid. The published article refers to polymorphism of the microsatelite OPN on chromosome 8. Tests of idividual alleles showed one allele associated with TNB (effects for total number born) and four with NBA (number born alive). One allele also had a favorable pleiotropic effect on number of teats. Polymorphism was tested by PCR (primer bordered the sequence of two exons and intervening intron). Agarose gel electroforesis of the PCR products revealed fragments of different lengths (1,3 kb and 1,0kb). The difference in lengths was found in the presence or absence of a block of 305 bp in intron. Frequencies of OPN alleles in six pig breeds were determinated. The association of OPN polymorphism with litter size in pigs are studying.
These work was supported by grant EP 9282.

EFFECT ADVANCE LOADING SOIL BY HEAVY METAL ON THEIR CONTENT IN CHOSEN WOVEN AND PARAMETER INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT RABBIT
ROUS Pavel


MZLU v Brně, Department of Morphology, Physiology and Veterinary Medicine, Zemědělská 1, CZ 61300 BRNO, ros@mendelu.cz

The study continued and finished the previous experiments that demonstrated the flow of selected heavy metals "soil - plant - animal". We used 24 hybrid rabbits in our experiment. The test started immediately after weaning of rabbits. Animals were divide randomly in 2 groups. One group of animals was fed with the mixture that contained lead, mercury, cadmium and chromium (Pb, Hg, Cd, Cr). The feed that we used was grown on the contaminated soil. We studied the hemogram and biochemical values of blood and amount of heavy metals in woven. In the second experiment we monitored amount heavy metals permeate through placenta and by maternal milk to woven suckling.
Key words: rabbit, heavy metals, ICP - MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer)

The preparation of the metal surfice
Jurečková Marie


Ústav základů techniky a opravárenství, MZLU, Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Mimidei@Mendelu.cz

A high-quality preparation of the material surfice influenses features of the protective system. The main ingredient of this protectiv system is an organic coating. Among the preparation of the surfice befor laying on organic coatings we can include especially cleaning, defating, impregnating, rust-removing and also creating conversious coantings, what reprezents for examle phosphating. Phosphating is a chemical treatment of metals. During this operation arises an insoluble layer of tertiary zinc, mangan, calcareous-zinc or iron phosphate. This layer improves the ability of the coating matter to be adhesive to the surfice of the material and also increases the resistance of the material against the corrosion. Phosphating slips in phosphating baths, where the main components create acid phosphates. Except of those, phosphating baths contain catalyzers, accelerators of reactions slipping in the bath, and if need be, some other components. For achieving very slender and thin phosphate coatings is used so-called activating rinsing before phosphating.

AMBENT LEVEL OF AIR POLLUTANTS IN BESKYDS REGION DURING
Tshiamala Mbuyi Marie-Helene


Ústav Krajinné Ekologie, Oddělení Bioklimatologie, MZLU, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno 613 00 mhtmbuyi@mendelu.cz

We study the variation of air pollution in the atmosphere. The study was passed at Bílý Kříž by the AMS method. Harmfull substances measured were ozone, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide and particulate matter. The main goal was determinig total immission of pollutants.The monthly average of PM10 concentration was from 9.4 to 27.3 ug m-3. During the year we had 27 days when the PM10 concentration exceeded 30 ug m-3. The highest maximum of ozone was seen in August(94 ppb)and the increase was from March(75 ppb). Concerne the sulfur dioxide, the higher maximum were seen during the winter and the concentration decreased from March(44 ug m-3)to October(14.3 ug m-3). The monthly maximum of NOx decreased from March(64.5 ug m-3) to September(24.8 ug m-3). The O3 and SO2 concentrations can damage the forest during the vegetation season because the concentrations were higher than the world recommandation. On the other hand, the results of this study are used for the assessment of air pollution risk on the environment

THE UPTAKE OF NUTRIENTS BY PLANTS (Musa sp., cv. cavendish) AS INFLUENCED BY BIOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS VAMBAC AND AMALGEROL
SIDIBÉ Abdoulaye 1
TESAŘOVÁ Marta1
SRNKOVÁ J.2


1 Department of Pedology and Microbiology,endel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno sidibe@mendelu.cz

2 Department of Agrochemistry and Plant Nutrition, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno

Abstract The growth and productivity of agricultural and horticultural plants may be enhanced by various microbiological preparations which influence fundamental plant-biological as well as soil-biological proceses. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of two biological preparations (Vambac and Amalgerol) on the nutrients uptake by banana plant (Musa sp., cv. cavendish). Vambac is a preparation of the czech origin (producer: Biotechnology, a.s., Chomu tov). It is composed of vesiculo-arbuscular fungi Glomus and Gigaspora, and bacteria Agrobacterium radiobacter, which are immobilized on the inorganic bearers. Amalgerol (producer: Avenarius Com., Austria) is solution containing plant oils, extracts from herbs and sea-algae and etherishe oils. This preparation should enhance soil biological activity and plant rooting. The effects of Vambac and Amalgerol on the N, P, and K uptake by plants was followed in the pot experiments. Four-weeks banana plants, obtained by in vitro culture (nutrient content in the above-ground biomass and in the roots N: 2.08% and 2.50%, P: 0.36% and 0.34%, K: 4.53% and 4.11%, respectively) were cultivated in the greenhouse using commercial horticulture substrate. The experiment had four variants: 1. Control, 2. Inoculation of plants by Vambac, 3. Horticulture substrate moistened by Amalgerol, 4. Vambac plus Amalgerol. Each experimental variant had 15 replicates. Above-ground biomass and roots were analyzed for N, P, and K content after 30 and 195 days of cultivation. As no additional nutrients were added to the substrate during the experiment, the plants were cultivated under the sufficient supply of nutrients at the beginning of experiment (lasted about 30 days), whereas level of available nutrients successionaly dec reased during the following weeks (30 to 195 days of experiment). We hypothesised that the influence of biological preparations can be more significant under the stressed conditions, i.e. at limited content of available nutrients in the horticulture subst rate. Content of nutrients in the above-ground plant biomass and in the roots is given in Tab. 1. Vambac and Amalgerol have showed no influence on the nutrients content in the above-ground biomass, whereas N and P content in the roots increased in comparison wi th control plants on 5% and 15%, after 30 days of cultivation. During the following 5 months, banana plants influenced by biological preparations have accumulated much more nutrients than control ones (Tab. 1); higher contents of N and K were estimated in the above-ground biomass, that of P in the roots. Inoculation of banana plants with endomycorrhizal fungi (preparation Vambac) enhanced above all the uptake of P. The same is true for Amalgerol, which application stimulated in addition uptake of K. The banana plants treated both with Vambac and Amalgerol have accumu lated the highest amount of nutrients (Tab. 1). The obtained results confirm, that endomycorrhizal fungi enable better utilization of nutrients above all under the stressed conditions. The efficiency of mycorrhizae was supported by biological preparation Amalgerol.
Key words: nutrients uptake, banana plants, biological preparations

Last update: 29.10. 1999 © JOE 1999