List of Contributions Conference MendelNet 2015

Plant Production

• THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF WINTER WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM) GRAIN AFTER APPLICATION OF MICRNUTRIENTS ON SEED
  ANTOSOVSKY JIRI, RYANT PAVEL
  view abstract fulltext xantoso6@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: Fertilization with microelements in a crop production is not generally important until deficiency symptoms appeared on plants. Soil application is expensive and foliar application may not remove a deposit of microelements. Seed coating could be more economical way. Seeds with microelements should be more complex and should provide enough nutrients, especially for the first stage of growth and development. In the experiment, seeds were coated by manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum and by combination of Mn-Zn-Cu. The same fertilizers were used as foliar nutrition. There was default fertilization with nitrogen for all variants. The control observation was microelements free. The results showed no statistically difference between control variant and seed coating or foliar nutrition in any category (value of N-tester, yield or grain quality). On the other side, there were no deficiency symptoms on plants. Contents of micronutrients in leafs were slightly higher than the control observation. Seed coating with micronutrients has fulfilled its preventive purpose.

  
   
• VARIABILITY OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL CONTENT IN LAVENDER (LAVANDULA ANGUSTIFOLIA P. MILL.)
  BOSKO RASTISLAV, PLUHACKOVA HELENA, SVOBODA ZDENEK
  view abstract fulltext rastislav.bosko@gmail.com
  

  Abstract: The aim of this work was the determination of variability of the essential oil content in lavender obtained from different sources. The results indicate that significant differences were found both in the essential oil content and in its composition. The essential oil content varied in the range of 2.10–2.83 ml.100 g^-1. Thus, it is important to distinguish individual lavender types according their usage. The Czech Pharmacopoeia (2009) states that the lavender should contain 13 ml.kg^-1 of the essential oil.

  
   
• SPECIES SPECTRUM OF VEGETATION ON SELECTED SECTIONS OF RAILWAY
  CERVENKOVA JANA, WINKLER JAN
  view abstract fulltext xcerven3@node.mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: This paper focuses on the evaluation of weed species composition on the selected railway sections between the cities Chrudim and Úhřetice. Weed species spectrum was evaluated according to phytocoenology relevé. Eleven phytocoenology relevé were carried out in two periods, the first in July and the second in August 2013. The obtained data were processed by multivariate analysis of ecological data, segment analysis DCA (Detrended Correspondence Analysis) and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). 85 species of plants were found on the railway. The highest coverage had species as: Potentilla reptans, Urtica dioica, Equisetum arvense, Convolvulus arvensis. The highest coverage on utilized railway had species Equisetum arvense, Urtica dioica, Potentilla reptans, Convolvulus arvensis. Species as Potentilla reptans, Clematis vitalba, Linaria vulgaris, Senecio vulgaris, Geum urbanum had the highest coverage on unused railway.

  
   
• ESTIMATION OF ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS OF CATCH CROPS USING NDVI MEASUREMENTS
  HANDLIROVA MARTINA, LUKAS VOJTECH, PROCHAZKOVA BLANKA, SMUTNY VLADIMIR
  view abstract fulltext martina.handlirova@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: For the fulfilment of the positive effects of catch crops it is necessary to create a sufficient amount of biomass. The amount of biomass of catch crops is traditionally evaluated by destructive sampling that are labour and time consuming and may not represent the whole monitored area. Within the period of 2013–2014, the aboveground biomass of catch crops was evaluated using ground measurements of vegetation index NDVI and the results were compared with traditionally carried sampling of plant matter. The study took place on a small-plot field trial established in 2006 at the experimental field station in Žabčice (South Moravia, Czech Republic). The experiment included nine kinds of catch crops. Catch crops growths were set up after every harvest of winter wheat (in mid-August). The experiment included control variant without catch crop sowing. Regression analysis for both years of monitoring showed positive dependence between the amount of vegetable matter (fresh and dry matter) and vegetation index NDVI. The accuracy of the measurement depends on the state of growths, particularly with regard to the lower sensitivity of the NDVI when a certain degree of leaf area index is reached. Despite these shortcomings, the spectral measurement is a good alternative to traditional methods, mainly due to rapid and simple measurement and its easy repeatability without damaging the crop.

  
   
• PRODUCTION CAPABILITIES OF CATCH CROPS AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE GRAIN YIELD OF SPRING BARLEY
  HANDLIROVA MARTINA, PROCHAZKOVA BLANKA, SMUTNY VLADIMIR
  view abstract fulltext martina.handlirova@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: Catch crops are grown between two main crops, their significance is multifaceted. Catch crops may affect the subsequent crop. The aim of this study was to evaluate the production capabilities of catch crops in the years 2011–2014 and their impact on the grain yield of spring barley in the years 2012–2015. The field experiment was set up in an experimental field station in Žabčice, South Moravia, Czech Republic. The experiment included ten kinds of catch crops: Sinapis alba, Raphanus sativus v. oleifera, Phacelia tanacetifolia, Fagopyrum esculentum, Secale cereale v. multicaule, Panicum miliaceum, Crambe abyssinica, Malva verticillata, Phalaris canariensis, Carthamus tinctorius. The experiment also included a control variant - without catch crops. Catch crop growths were set up after winter wheat. Catch crops were left on the lot until spring. The subsequent crop after catch crop was spring barley. Weather conditions affected the production capabilities of catch crops. From the point of view of securing the purpose of growing catch crops, it is necessary to include Sinapis alba, Raphanus sativus v. oleifera, Crambe abyssinica and Phacelia tanacetifolia, which reached regularly the highest yields. When there is enough water in the winter and spring, catch crops have no negative impact on yields of spring barley.

  
   
• EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE STRESS AND WATER SHORTAGE ON THOUSAND GRAIN WEIGHT OF SELECTED WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES
  HLAVACOVA MARCELA, POHANKOVA EVA, KLEM KAREL, TRNKA MIROSLAV
  view abstract fulltext marci.hlava.22@gmail.com
  

  Abstract: The aim of the presented study was to assess the effect of high temperatures and water shortage during anthesis on thousand grain weight (TGW) of two winter wheat varieties (Tobak and Pannonia). In addition, numbers of grains per spike were also assessed. The six growth chambers were used to simulate heat stress conditions within following gradient of temperature maxima: 26°C (control chamber), 29, 32, 35, 38 and 41°C. The relative humidity (RH) course and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) intensity were controlled via protocols. Additionally, drought stressed (dry) and well-watered (wet) treatments were established within each growth chamber. The plants were removed from the growth chambers after 14 days and they were left until a full maturity, exposed to actual weather conditions. The TGW at 14% moisture were evaluated for particular treatments within both winter wheat varieties. TGW was generally more affected by high temperatures under drought stress than in well-watered conditions. The results revealed that Pannonia TGW was much more affected by the water deficiency in combination with high temperature (particularly 38 and 41°C) than Tobak TGW.

  
   
• THE INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZATION AND PRESERVATION ON THE CONTENT OF MYCOTOXINS IN SILAGE OF COCKSFOOT (DACTYLIS GLOMERATA L.)
  HODULIKOVA LUCIA, KVASNOVSKY MICHAL, KNOT PAVEL, KLUSONOVA IVA, NEDELNIK JAN, SKLADANKA JIRI
  view abstract fulltext lucia.hodulikova@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: The aim of this work was to assess the content of mycotoxins with regard to habitat and fertilization of cocksfoot crops (Dactylis glomerata L.) varieties Niva. Experimental forests were based on two sites with different altitudes. The harvest took place at the beginning of the earing (half of May) when the first cuts of the biomass were analyzed. The samples were analyzed for nutrients (ash, crude protein and crude fiber), the quality of the water extracts (ammonia, ethanol, pH, lactic acid, acetic acid) were evaluated, and the contents of mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol – DON, zearalenone – ZEA) were determined in green mass of silage. The data was assessed by analysis of variance ANOVA P < 0.05 on the surface. Fertilization did not influence the content of the organic nutrients in the silages. The difference (P < 0.05) in the quality of the silage extracts made from fertilized and unfertilized biomass, higher (P < 0.05) acetic acid content and a lower content of ethanol were noticeable. There was also noticeable higher content of ZEA in unfertilized stands. Silage did not show increased content of mycotoxins. The evaluation of the content of organic nutrients and acids proved that the quality of silage is very good.

  
   
• HOW SEEDING PASTURES AFFECT NITROGEN SUBSTANCES CONTENT IN THE FORAGE
  HORTOVA MAGDALENA, SKLADANKA JIRI, NOVOTNA MONIKA, HLOUCALOVA PAVLINA
  view abstract magdalena.hortova@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: The aim of the diploma thesis was to analyse the effect of a seeding on a quality of fodder as well as the participation of added varieties of the clover meadow and other hybrids. Sowing machines with different intensity of the original turf were chosen to be added to the seeding. These sowing machines were: GP TP–300, SE 2–024 and PP–2. The crop yield of dry basis, the content of nitrogenous substances, a fibre and NEL were evalueted. The values were specified with the aid of the method of Spektroscopie in the near infrared area (NIR Systems 6500). Participation of added species was evalueted by the method of projective dominance. The added varieties of species didn´t proved convincing difference in the content of nitrogenous substances of growth, but the content of NL was different with regard to the sequence of mowings (P<0.05). The seeding of the clover meadow had a positive influence on the content of NEL in the growth (P<0.05). I tis recommended to add a variety of Felina to a pasture for horses because it is convenient as a seeding to pasters and it has many advantages like a resistence to a trampling or good hibernation. It provides also good crop yield and thanks to its structure and its content of nutriments it is fittind to feed horses.

  
   
• MONITORING OF WATER USE, DROUGHT AND YIELD IMPACTS OF WINTER WHEAT USING IMAGINERY FROM SATELLITES
  JURECKA FRANTISEK, ANDERSON MARTHA, HLAVINKA PETR, SEMERADOVA DANIELA, TRNKA MIROSLAV, HAIN CHRISTOPHER, GAO FENG, YANG YUN, ZALUD ZDENEK
  view abstract fulltext frantisek.jurecka@centrum.cz
  

  Abstract: Remote sensing can be very useful tool for drought monitoring, providing valuable information about yield-limiting moisture conditions and crop response under current climate conditions. In this study the Atmosphere-land Exchange Inverse (ALEXI) model was used. The ALEXI model uses the morning surface temperature (LST) rise and provides information on the surface moisture status. In this paper correlations between yields and satellite indicators of crop water use or evapotranspiration (ET) were studied for the period 2002–2014. Correlations were studied for winter wheat at district scale in Vysočina, Jihomoravský and Olomoucký regions since winter wheat is one of the traditional and most important crops grown in these regions. The Evaporative Stress Index (ESI) was used for these correlations as an ET-based index. Time series of Pearson correlation coefficient (r) computed between ESI and winter wheat yields at district scale were analysed. Strongest correlations are associated with districts within the Southern Moravian lowlands in Jihomoravský and Olomoucký region, where frequency of occurrence of severe drought was highest over the period of record. Severe drought resulted in significant yield impacts, particularly in years 2003 and 2012. Correlations tend to be lower over the highlands districts of Vysočina and surroundings.  In these districts, yields are more temperature than moisture limited and were more stable over the period of record.

  
   
• DIFFERENCES IN THE COURSE OF AIR TEMPERATURE BETWEEN THE WHEAT CANOPY GROUND AND STANDARD CLIMATOLOGICAL STATION
  KRCMAROVA JANA, POKORNY RADOVAN, STREDA TOMAS
  view abstract fulltext jana.krcmarova@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: The temperature in the ground of wheat canopy was compared with those measured on standard climatological station by regression analysis. Measurements in the wheat stand were carried out on two localities – Žabčice (site Obora and Písky) and Branišovice from year 2015. The course of temperature in the wheat stand ground differed meaningly, the length of particular winter wheat vegetation stages was different, too. The regression equations reveals the differences of standard environment and the ground of wheat canopy. These differences were dependent on the growth stage of winter wheat and experimental site. These differences can be caused by different conditions of experimental localities on results.

  
   
• EFFECT OF DROUGHT ON YIELD POTENTIAL OF SELECTED GRASS SPECIES
  KVASNOVSKY MICHAL, HODULIKOVA LUCIA, PECINOVA HANA, KLUSONOVA IVA, KNOT PAVEL
  view abstract fulltext michal.kvasnovsky@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: The main aim of this study was to evaluate the response of the production types of grasses to stress-induced reduction of normal precipitation in relation to their production characteristics and the structure of biological phytomass. The covers were established by planting of pre-grown plants of the individual grass species in the spring of 2009 in the form of a small-plot experiment in two blocks. Block A – normal precipitation mode, Block B – reduced precipitation mode consisting in roofing of 50% of the experimental area coverage by a special film with a minimum reduction of light conditions in order to drain a half of rainfall out of the area. In the crop year 2011 the annual total Rainfall was relatively lower by 14.0% (632.8 mm) than the long-term average, i.e. 736 mm. The species with the highest ability to create fodder of Dactylis glomerata significantly decreased fodder production and formation of above-ground shoots due to reduced precipitation in meadow utilization. A simile trend was also observed in the utilization in Festuca pratensis. The lowest reduction in production due to drought appeared in Lolium perenne.

  
   
• BOTANICAL SURVEY AND SUCCESSIONAL CHANGES OF VEGETATION IN POOLS AFTER RESTORATION PROJECT IN WETLAND NEAR THE CISARSKA CAVE, MORAVIAN KARST
  NOVAKOVA ELISKA, JIROUSEK MARTIN, MUSIL ZDENEK, STEPANKOVA PETRA
  view abstract fulltext ela1993@seznam.cz
  

  Abstract: Three shallow pools were done during the restoration project in 2012, with a goal to create a suitable habitat for competitively weak wetland species surviving on the long-term drained locality only in a seed bank. After that, the floristic and phytosociological research was done for whole area of the wetland with special attention to pools, where succession of vegetation was continuously monitored on permanent plots. In total, 101 taxa of vascular plants and bryophytes were recorded on the study site (57 of them in the permanent plots in pools), nine recorded plant speciesare endangered in the Czech Republic.Vegetation of the study site consists predominantly of tall sedges in most wet places, surrounded by abandoned drained wet meadows. Vegetation of oligotrophic water bodies quickly enveloped in dug pools. During our 2-year monitoring, continual successional change of vegetation was found, with the gradual infiltration of species from surrounding vegetation. Strong effect on the vegetation has also the fluctuating water level. We assume that in the long-term perspective, both the hydrological conditions and other restoration activities will be crucial for surviving of competitively weak endangered wetland species on the locality.

  
   
• EFFECT OF PUCCINIA GRAMINIS ON COLOR RETENTION RATINGS OF LOLIUM PERENNE
  NOVOTNA MONIKA, SKLADANKA JIRI
  view abstract fulltext xnovot14@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Puccinia graminis on important economic characteristics. The experiment was carried out in cooperation with the Breeding Station in Větrov. The results of lawn experiments in 2014 showed that the selection of genotypes of perennial ryegrass less infected by rust was positively reflected not only in improved health but also in better overall appearance of progenies of selected plants. In November, the level of green was very intense while intensity in July and August was weaker. Statistically significant difference between the indigenous populations and the selection was evident only in August (0.008). Monitoring of rust will be extended by forage grasses and the attention will be paid to laboratory testing and artificial infection when testing on the field.

  
   
• EVALUATION OF RESISTANCE OF SELECTED SPECIES OF GRASSES TO FUNGAL PATHOGENS
  NOVOTNA MONIKA, SKLADANKA JIRI, DOHNAL VLASTIMIL
  view abstract novomo@centrum.cz
  

  Abstract: This graduatin thesis in quires into study and characteristics of fungi which most often invade pasture of Lolium perenne, festucoid hybrid (Festuca arundinae x Lolium multiflorum), loloid hybrid (Lolium multiflorum x Festuca pratensis) and mixed crops with Red Fescue (Festuca rubra) and Smooth Meadow – grass (Poa pratensis). Snow Mold Fungi (Monographella nivalis), Gray Snow Mold (Typhula incarnate), Red thread (Laetisaria fuciformis), Fusarium scarlatina, anthracnose disease, Rust Fungi Graminicola, barley powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis) and leaf spots are ranked among them. As indicator of the level invasion by fungi acts ergosterol. Its highest concetration was measured at the end of vegetative period at vegetation of Perrenial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and loloid hybrid (Lolium multiflorum x Festuce pratensis). This corresponds with subjective assessment of level of invasion by fungi which was at thes species the most intensive in this period. Next, it in quires into assessment of overall integration of vegetation and integration of sown species. Festucoid hybrid (Festuca arundinacea x Lolium multiflorum) had the least integrated vegetation and was the least integrated sown species in the year of establishing of vegetation. But on the contrary in the first useful year it demonstrated its competitive strength and resistance against unfavourable conditions and together with Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne) were assessed on the best level from all the monitored species in both characteristics.

  
   
• EFFECT OF NUTRIENTS DEFICIENCIES ON ROOT ARCHITECTURE AND GROWTH OF WINTER WHEAT
  RATTANAPICHAI WUTTHIDA, KLEM KAREL
  view abstract fulltext xrattana@node.mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: The study of the effects of N, P, K deficiencies on root architecture and growth was tested in phenotyping platform with winter wheat (Bohemia variety). The experiment was arranged with 4 treatments: Complete nutrient, Without N, Without P and Without K. The root were grown on the surface of vertically fixed black filter paper sheets (30x60cm), covered from both sides by black plastic sheets (PVC-P). The system was setup with a micro-irrigation channel in the top of sheets to ensure circulation of hydroponic medium as hydroponic system. Eighteen days after transplanting, we took the root images by the standard RGB digital camera. To evaluate the root architecture parameters the “SmartRoot” software was used. The results showed that nutrient deficiency had effect on root architecture of winter wheat. N deficiency increase in total seminal root and lateral root length and root/shoot ratio, while P deficiency resulted in increase of mean root diameter, total root area when compared to the control. N deficiency also decreased root and shoot dry weight and total leaf area. However, nutrient deficiency slightly decreased lateral density. There was a slight effect of K deficiency on root architecture when compared to the complete nutrient application. The increasing of leaf dry weight was related with the increased of root dry weight.

  
   
• POSSIBILITIES OF BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF SAN JOSE SCALE (DIASPIDIOTUS PERNICIOSUS)
  RYCHLA KATERINA
  view abstract fulltext katerina.rychla@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: The San Jose scale (Diaspidiotus perniciosus) is a wide spread pest in the Czech Republic. Its harmfulness is increasing over the last years. The trees may die due to suction of the phloem. The only stage that is sensitive to treatments is a crawler that is not protected by cover. Possible control methods are limited to applications of oil based preparations in early spring in organic agriculture. We were testing different preparations suitable for organic agriculture against San Jose scale nymphs during years 2014 and 2015. In 2014 the highest efficacy was achieved with preparation Naturalis up to 85.2% but the most stable efficacy during the whole season was achieved with treatment Spintor (38.9–78.4%). In 2015 the results were not statistically significant due to very extreme temperatures during the periods of applications.

  
   
• REGULATION OF VEGETATION ON LANDS WITH PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLANTS
  ULDRIJAN DAN, CHOVANCOVA SVETLANA, WINKLER JAN
  view abstract fulltext xuldrija@node.mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: This paper deals with the evaluation of weed species diversity on chosen land with photovoltaic power plant. At the same time, the impact of different regulatory interventions on the species diversity is observed. The area is located in South Moravia, Brno-country district in the village Unin. Evaluation of vegetation was carried out by method of phytocoenology relevé. Three different types of maintenance was performed on selected frames, without any intervention for the first one, second one with herbicide application and third one prepared by string trimmer. The obtained data were processed by multivariate analysis of ecological data segment analysis DCA (Detrended Correspondence Analysis) and canonical correspondence analysis CCA (Canonical Correspondence Analysis). We consider species Cirsium arvense, Tanacetum vulgare, Salix triandra, Salix alba, Anthriscus sylvestris as problematic for the operation of photovoltaic power plant. These species may be difficult for operation of the power plant if the maintenance is not regular.

  
   
• EFFECT OF NITROGEN NUTRITION ON YIELD, OIL CONTENT A ND OIL PRODUCTION OF OILSEED RAPE (BRASSICA NAPUS L.)
  VARENYIOVA MARIA, DUCSAY LADISLAV
  view abstract xvarenyiova@uniag.sk
  

  Abstract: The aim of the experiment was monitoring importance of nitrogen in nutrition of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) as well as the effect of rising doses of nitrogen on yield, oiliness and oil production of rapeseed. The plot–scale experiment was based in experimental year 2013–2014 in terms of agricultural cooperative in Mojmírovce. The experiment consisted of four treatments of fertilization. The block method of experimental plot size of 600 m² in three replications was used in this experiment. Hybrid Artoga was seeded and fertilized by different doses of nitrogen (160 kg.ha^-1, 200 kg.ha^-1, 240 kg.ha^-1). The lowest average yield 3.41 t.ha^-1 of rapeseed was noticed at unfertilized control treatment 1. The highest average yield 5.43 t.ha^-1 was reached at treatment fertilized by dose of  nitrogen 200 kg.ha^-1 N. The highest average oil content 47.41% was found at unfertilized control treatment. T he lowest average oil content 45.91% was found at treatment where the dose of nitrogen 160 kg.ha^-1 was applied. The highest average oil production 2.49 t.ha^-1 was observed at treatment 3, where also the highest yield of seeds was found. These findings indicate that the highest dose of nitrogen does not result in the highest yield of rapeseed as well as there is not the inverse correlation between increasing doses of nitrogen and oil content, in this experiment. 

  
   
• EVALUATION OF VEGETATION ON LANDS WITH PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLANTS
  VESPALCOVA TEREZA, CHOVANCOVA SVETLANA, WINKLER JAN
  view abstract fulltext xvespal1@node.mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: The aim of this paper is to evaluate species structure of weeds on lands with photovoltaic power plant in Moravsky Krumlov. The observation was carried out on twelve test spots also under photovoltaic panels and between them. Vegetation was evaluated via phytocoenology relevé. The evaluation took three months (July, August, September) in 2013. The observation was statistically evaluated using DCA and CCA analysis. A total of 66 weed species were found on land with photovoltaic power plant. The largest coverage was noticed by species Poa pratensis L., Lolium perenne L., Achillea millefolium L. The most common specie between rows were: Plantago major L., Achillea millefolium L., Cerastium holosteoides Fr. The most occurring weed species under panels were: Poa pratensis L., Lolium perenne L., Festuca rubra L., Agrostis capillaris L., Bromus tectorum L.

  
  

  
   
• POSSIBILITY OF SELECTION FOR HIGHER SEED VIGOUR OF BARLEY
  VINTRLIKOVA EVA, KLIMESOVA JANA, STREDA TOMAS
  view abstract fulltext xvintrl2@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: Assessment methods for the seed germination are designed in an environment of ideal conditions, however, it is necessary to know the real behaviour in the field conditions. At this stage, on the series comes an important factor, which is based on the ability of germination – the seed vigour. The seed vigour is characterized ability by the seeds to emerge and create a basis for a new plant under real or stress conditions. The purpose of this study was to obtain general facts about the heritability of the seed vigour. Effect of drought stress on the observed characteristics of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was evaluated in the pot experiment. The root system size and seed vigour were evaluated in four genotypes. Seed vigour as the germination percentage under drought (-0.5 MPa) and temperature stress (10°C) was evaluated. It was also evaluated the relationship between seed vigour and the root system size of the parents and their progenies. Statistical significant correlations (r = 0.747–0.801) of the root system size in the stage of stem elongation and seed vigour in Variant III (moderate stress) were found. The root system size of parents at the stage of heading in unstressed variant (Variant II) statistically significantly (r = 0.730–0.939) influenced the length of the plumula and roots of the progenies in both variants of seed vitality testing (i.e. control and drought stress).

  
   
• MONITORING OF LACCASE PRODUCTION BY FUNGAL ISOLATES FROM CZECH FOREST
  VRSANSKA MARTINA, PALOVCIKOVA DAGMAR, VOBERKOVA STANISLAVA
  view abstract fulltext martina.vrsanska@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: Discovery of novel laccases with different substrate specificities produced by different fungal species is important for industrial, biotechnological and environmental applications. The aim of this work was to monitoring of laccase production by thirty five locally isolated white-rot fungal species. In five strains with the highest enzyme secretion laccase activity was examined using two different substrates (ABTS and syringaldazine) under different conditions (shaking, static). The measuring laccase activity using ABTS and syringaldazine as substrates confirmed that one of the best producers proved to be Fomes fomentarius and Trametes strains.

  
   

Animal Production

• THE EFFECT OF GREEN FODDER ON SLOW GROWING CHICKENS PERFORMANCE
  ANDERLE VOJTECH, KUPCIKOVA LUCIE, LICHOVNIKOVA MARTINA
  view abstract fulltext vojtaanderle@seznam.cz
  

  Abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of green fodder addition to the diet on slow growing chicken´s performance. Both sexes (464 chickens) of slow growing hybrid Hubbard JA 757 were used in the experiment. The chickens were divided into two groups with six replications. From the 21 days of age green fodder was daily added to special feeders to the chickens in the third experimental groups in amount 10 g/chicken. From 28 days of age the amount was 20 g/chicken. The live weight of chickens at 49 days of age was 2.34 kg in the experimental group and the same 2.34 kg in the control group. The live body gain from 21^st to 49^th days of ages was also the same in both groups 1.84 kg/chicken. Feed conversion ratio during the experimental period (21–49 d) was the same too, 1.86 kg.kg^-1. The mortality in experimental and control groups were 0.43% and 0.86%. The daily addition of green fodder in amount 10 and 20 g/chicken from 21^st to 49^th days of age had no significant effect on growth and feed conversion ratio in slow growing chickens.

  
   
• THE EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC HERBAL EXTRACT ON MICROORGANISMS
  DETVANOVA LENKA, STASTNIK ONDREJ, KALHOTKA LIBOR, MRKVICOVA EVA
  view abstract fulltext lenka.detvanova@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: Plants produce a wide range of organic compounds including tannins, organic acids, essential oils and micronutrients, which can inhibit growth, reproduction and other life processes. These compounds can be found in various plants. Extracts from plants can be used for food preservation and for human or animal healing. In this study the effect of ethanolic extract of Cannabis sativa L., Silybum marianum and Hippophae rhamnoides was tested on Escherichia coli (CCM 7929), Enterococcus faecalis (CCM 4224), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (CCM 1828) and Candida tropicalis (CCM 8223). Antimicrobial activity was tested by disc diffusion method.

  
   
• EFFECT OF FERTILIZATION ON SPECIES COMPOSITION OF GRASSLAND
  HLOUCALOVA PAVLINA, KNOT PAVEL, HORKY PAVEL, SKLADANKA JIRI
  view abstract fulltext pavlina.hloucalova@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of different intensities of fertilization on the species composition of the grassland on the experimental area of Kameničky. The evaluated factors were in the range of the intensity of fertilizer. It means the unfertilized level, PK, N90+PK and N180+PK. The unfertilized crops do not always show high species diversity. The highest and balanced species diversity was assessed in the crops with PK fertilization while the lowest one was found out in the grassland fertilized with N90+PK during these years. The proportion of grass, compared to the unfertilized variant, was the most increased (P<0.05) in the variant of N90+PK (60.3%) at the expense of other herbs (33.7%). The PK fertilizer (14.8%) significantly (P<0.05) increased the development of legumes in the grassland.

  
   
• EFFECT OF FERTILIZATION ON GRASSLAND QUALITY
  HLOUCALOVA PAVLINA, NOVOTNA MONIKA, HORKY PAVEL, SKLADANKA JIRI, KNOT PAVEL
  view abstract fulltext pavlina.hloucalova@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: The aim of this work was evaluate the efect of different intensity fertilization on grassland quality and basic nutrition characteristics (dry matter, fiber, nitrogenous substances, carbohydrates, ash and NEL). The monitored grass stands are situated in the BohemianMoravian Highlands. The fertilization with degree unfertilization is the test factor, PK fertilized, fertilized N90+PK and fertilized N180+PK. There was monitored the grassland quality and basic NIRS parameters. The grassland quality increased with the level of fertilization. The grassland quality was lowest in unfertilized variants (average 22.50), nitrogen fertilization proven its value increases (average 59.65). As a feed crop was the best PK, with regard to the content of NEL (5.5 MJ.kg^-1), fiber (204.9 g.kg^-1), carbohydrates (53.4 g.kg^-1) and NL (149.3 g.kg^-1).

  
   
• THE INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS DOSES OF CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM ON BROILER CHICKENS PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS
  KARASEK FILIP, STENCLOVA HANA, STASTNIK ONDREJ, DOLEZALOVA EVA, MRKVICOVA EVA, PAVLATA LEOS, ZEMAN LADISLAV
  view abstract fulltext fillip.karasek@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of lower doses of calcium and magnesium in the diet on performance parameters of broiler chickens. The purpose of the research is reduction of Ca and Mg contents in premixes. Calcium was supplemented using CaCO₃ and magnesium by MgSO₄. The basal diet contains 2.33 g Ca and 1.58 g Mg per kilogram. Control group received feed mixture with added CaCO₃ in dose of 19.485 g.kg^-1 and 0.407 g.kg^-1 of MgSO₄. Three experimental groups contain added CaCO₃ in dose of 11.832 g.kg^-1 and 0 g.kg^-1 MgSO₄; CaCO₃ 11.832 g.kg^-1 and 0.407 g.kg^-1 MgSO₄; CaCO₃ 19.485 g.kg^-1 and 0 g.kg^-1 MgSO₄ (groups Exp1; Exp2; Exp3, respectively). In the trial feed intake and live weight of chickens were monitored. The experiment was conducted from day 11 to day 36 of chickens age. At the end of trial experimental animals were weighed and slaughtered. Feathers were removed and chickens were eviscerated. Carcass yield was calculated. Selected chickens were deboned and breast muscle and leg muscle were weighed. Subsequently, these values were calculated by the percentage of live weight of breast and leg muscle. Dose reduction of Ca and Mg in the feed ration had no negative influence on the monitored parameters in broiler fattening. Comparison of the results with the control group did not show worsening parameters of fattening. Differences between groups in performance parameters were not significant (P > 0.05).

  
   
• THE INFLUENCE OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF SELENIUM ON CONTENT OF GLUTATHIONE IN THE FORAGE OF PERENNIAL RYEGRASS (LOLIUM PERENNE L.)
  KLUSONOVA IVA, SKLADANKA JIRI, HODULIKOVA LUCIA, SKARPA PETR, ADAM VOJTECH
  view abstract fulltext iva.klusonova@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: Selenium (Se) as part of the enzyme and non-enzyme antioxidants (e.g. glutathione) has many antioxidant and detoxification functions in the cells. Its content in plants depends on its content in the soil. Its adequate intake may decide about the health, production and reproduction of the livestock. One of the possible ways to enrich feed ration of this element may be the foliar application. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of foliar application of selenium in different forms and doses on the antioxidant glutathione content in the forage of perennial ryegrass. In the experiment, perennial ryegrass (Ahoj variety) was included. The experiment took place in climabox. For foliar application, the solutions of selenium at the doses of 2; 4 and 20 mg.m^-2 of Se were used. As a source of selenium, selenite sodium or selenate was applied. After the application, the samples of green mass of each group were sampled at a regular 14 day intervals (14^th day, 28^th day and 42^nd day after the application). The determinations of GSH and GSSG were performed by HPLC-ED. The foliar application of selenate and selenite increased the content of glutathione (GSH and GSSG) in aboveground mass of perennial ryegrass. The increase (P <0.05) of GSH content after foliar application of selenate was observed after all doses of selenium throughout the experiment. Between the doses there were no differences (P <0.05). The application of selenate caused the increase of GSSG (P <0.05), but it was evident especially in the first 28 days after application. After application of selenite the content of GSH increased (P <0.05). It was observed after application of the doses 4 and 20 mg.m^-2 in every term of sampling. The application of selenite increased (P <0.05) the content of GSSG. It increased after each used dose and term of sampling except 42^nd day, when it decreased on the level of the control group. Due to the increase of both forms of glutathione can be assumed that the application of selenium on plants acts as a stress factor.

  
   
• FATTENING OF LAYING-TYPE COCKERELS
  KUPCIKOVA LUCIE, ANDERLE VOJTECH, LICHOVNIKOVA MARTINA, JELINKOVA PAVLINA
  view abstract fulltext xkupcik2@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: Males of four laying-type DOMINANT hybrids (D 104; D 109; D 459; D 853) from the company Hatchery Studenec, s.r.o. were used in the experiment. Approximately 208 laying-type males of each hybrid, in total 830, were fed till 11 weeks of age in two technologies–cage system and littered floor system. Both the housing technology and hybrid had significant effect on live weight of laying-type cockerels at 3^rd, 7^th and 11^th weeks of age. In floor system the live weight was higher than in cage system. On the other hand there was no significant effect of hybrid or technology on feed conversion ratio. In littered floor system the hybrids D 104 and D 109 were significantly heavier (P<0.05)than hybrid D 853.

  
   
• INTAKE AND PREFERENCE OF MINERAL LICKS WITH A DIFFERENT RATIO OF CA:P ELEMENTSAT FALLOW DEER (DAMA DAMA)
  NAVRATIL STANISLAV, FALTA DANIEL, CHLADEK GUSTAV
  view abstract fulltext nav.stanislav@gmail.com
  

  Abstract:This article reviews intake and preference of mineral lick with different Ca:P ratio for cervidae. Experiment was held on Vysočina region from March 2013 till February 2014. Experiment took place in small farm, where was kept 20 head herd of fallow deer. As a model animal, fallow deer was used,mainly for its popularity among Czech farm and hobby cervidae breeders. For data collecting of intake, digital weight was used. For observation of deers and for collecting data about frequency of intake, camera trap, which monitored surroundings of licks for whole duration of experiment, was used. Data itself was evaluated by standard statistic methods.

  We discovered, that preffered ratio of Ca:P was 1:1. The peak of intake was between July and August.This is probably caused by lactation and antler grow in this period.

  
   
• THE EFFECT OF INBREEDING DEPRESSION ON SEMEN PRODUCTION IN THE CZECH FLECKVIEH BULLS
  PALDUSOVA MICHAELA, KOPEC TOMAS, HOSEK MARTIN, MACHAL LADISLAV
  view abstract fulltext paldusovamisa@seznam.cz
  

  Abstract: In this study, the relationship between inbreeding depression and semen production was examined. During the period from May 2008 to December 2014, semen samples (n = 2929) were collected using an artificial vagina. Immediately after collection, laboratory examinations were made for all samples, which included finding out volume of ejaculate, sperm activity, concentration of spermatozoa and total sperm count. Volume of ejaculate was measured using the graduated tube, sperm activity was assessed by subjective method according to the percentage of motile sperm in the native ejaculate and concentration of spermatozoa was determined using a spectrophotometer. Total sperm count was calculated by multiplying volume of ejaculate by concentration of spermatozoa. Monitored characteristics were expressed in weighted average and standard deviation. The effect of inbreeding depression on bovine semen production was tested by the general linear model (GLM) in SAS 9.4. The inbreeding coefficient (F_x) was calculated by the program FSpeed version 2.04. For comparison between each level of inbreeding Duncan´s Multiple Range Test was used. Based on the ascertained results we can conclude that inbreeding depression had the significant influence (P < 0.001) on all monitored semen parameters of the Czech Fleckvieh bulls.

  
   
• THE INFLUENCE OF MILK THISTLE SEED CAKES ON BROILER CHICKENS PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS
  STASTNIK ONDREJ, DETVANOVA LENKA, KARASEK FILIP, STENCLOVA HANA, KALHOTKA LIBOR, PAVLATA LEOS, MRKVICOVA EVA
  view abstract fulltext ondrej.stastnik@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate influence of the milk thistle seed cakes at dose 5 and 15% in feed mixture. Seventy five cockerels were divided into three equal groups. The experimental groups received feed mixtures containing 5% of milk thistle seed cakes (MT5), 15% of milk thistle seed cakes (MT15) and third group was control – without milk thistle seed cakes (C). Average feed consumption per one chicken was evaluated. Carcass yield was calculated for each group like as percentage of live weight. Feed consumption in the groups fed with milk thistle seed cakes was lower. Feed conversion ratio was a worse in experimental groups than the control group. Broiler carcass yield was negatively affected (P < 0.05) by dietary treatment. Milk thistle seed cakes in the amount used in this experiment are not a suitable component in feed mixture of broiler chickens.

  
   
• THE EFFECT OF HEMPSEED CAKES ON BROILER CHICKENS PEROFORMANCE PARAMETERS
  STASTNIK ONDREJ, KARASEK FILIP, STENCLOVA HANA, TROJAN VACLAV, VYHNANEK TOMAS, PAVLATA LEOS, MRKVICOVA EVA
  view abstract fulltext ondrej.stastnik@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: The aim of the experiment was to evaluate effect of 5% and 15% of hempseed cakes in feed mixtures on performance parameters of broiler chickens. A total of 75 sexed Ross 308 hybrid cockerels were divided into three equal groups. The two experimental groups obtained feed mixtures containing 5% and 15% of technical hempseed cakes (groups HS5 and HS15, respectively). The third group was without hempseed cakes (control group). In our study live weight, feed conversion ratio and carcass yield were evaluated. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in bodyweight gain. The 15% of hempseed cakes in diet decreased live weight and worst feed conversion ratio. The carcass yield was not affected by the hempseed contents. The addition of hempseed cakes (15%) negatively affected the growth of chickens. The final body weight of chickens with part of hempseed cakes in feed mixture was significantly lower (P < 0.05).

  
   
• EFFECT OF FEEDING DIFFERENT LEVEL OF ZINC ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF BROILERS
  STENCLOVA HANA, KARASEK FILIP, STASTNIK ONDREJ, DOLEZALOVA EVA, ZEMAN LADISLAV
  view abstract fulltext xstenclo@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: The experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of feeding different level of zinc (Zn) on feed consumption, weight gain and slaughter weight of broilers. Total of 140 male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were divided into four groups and raised up to 35 days of age. During the trial, control group (control) of birds were given basal diet containing 28 mg.kg^-1 of total Zn without zinc supplement and other groups were given the diets modified by adding either 20 (Zn20), 40 (Zn40) or 120 (Zn120) mg.kg^-1 of Zn supplied as zinc oxide. The results show that maximum feed consumption, weight gain and slaughter weight of broilers occurred at a zinc supplement of 20 mg.kg^-1 (corresponding to about 49 mg total zinc) and this parameters decreased by adding 40 and 120 mg.kg^- 1 of Zn to the basal diet. Differences between these groups were not significant (P>0.05). Chicks fed a non-supplemented basal diet (control) had lower weight gain and slaughter weight than other treatment groups. There was significant difference (P<0.05) between control group and group with zinc supplement of 20 mg.kg^-1. Feed conversion ratio was the lowest by added 40 mg.kg^-1 of zinc and the highest by added 20 and 120 mg.kg^- 1 of zinc.

  
   
• RELATIONSHIP OF BODY TEMPERATURE AND WELFARE OF DAIRY COWS
  SVEJDOVA KATERINA, SIMKOVA ANNA, SOCH MILOSLAV, ZABRANSKY LUBOS, SIMAK- LIBALOVA KRISTYNA , SVARCOVA ANNA , FREJLACH TOMAS, CERMAK BOHUSLAV
  view abstract fulltext Ramandu@seznam.cz
  

  Abstract: This study was carried out on a commercial dairy farm located in the Central Bohemia region of the Czech Republic. Dairy cows of Holstein cattle were monitored during 2 times of year (winter-summer). There were recorded temperature characteristics for selected cows. They were divided into 3 groups according to the period of lactation. The characteristics were obtained by using a thermographic camera and rectal thermometer. Data about ambient temperature were acquired using manually air temperature sensor. It was investigated the influence of the ambient temperature in behavior and welfare of dairy cows in the stable during 2 seasons. It was not detected ambient temperature effect on behavior in animals due to optimum conditions in the barn.

  
   
• AIR TEMPERATURE IMPACTS ON THE BEHAVIOUR OF HOLSTEIN CALVES IN INDIVIDUAL OUTDOOR CALF HUTCHES ACCORDING TO AGE OF OBSERVED CALVES
  VACULIKOVA MARTINA, CHLADEK GUSTAV
  view abstract fulltext xvaculi1@node.mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: The aim of this study was evaluating the influence of air temperature on behaviour of Holstein calves in individual outdoor calf hutches according to age of calves. Experimental part of this study has been done on the university’s dairy facility - farm Žabčice. Among the analysed behavioural manifestations were especially: time spent standing or lying down, either inside or outside the hutch. Within obtained results it can be said that the temperature is important factor while evaluating its impact on Holstein calves kept in individual outdoor calf hutches behaviour, however more important factor was the age of calves. 

  
   
• ASSESSMENT OF EJACULATE QUALITY IN ROOSTERS OF THREE LAYING LINES
  VASSOVA DENISA, FILIPCIK RADEK, MACHAL LADISLAV
  view abstract fulltext denisa.vassova@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the semen quality in roosters of three laying lines used in breeding in Czech Republic. The maternal lines Bar Plymouth Rock (BPR – 08) and Rhode Island Red (RIR – 05), and the maternal line Light Sussex (SU – 07) were used. Ejaculates were collected four times during laying period of hens by dorso-abdominal massage. The following parameters were determined: volume, concentration of spermatozoa, motility and total sperm abnormality. Statistically significant differences were found in volume of ejaculate between all three lines (from 0.55 to 0.80 cm³). The highest volume as well as the highest concentration of spermatozoa (2.39 × 10⁶/mm³) were found in BPR. Statistically significant differences were found also in motility of spermatozoa between BPR and RIR (68.59 vs. 77.19%). However, very high percentage of sperm abnormality were found in all three lines (from 56.29 to 72.63%). This phenomenon may be caused by transportation of ejaculate into laboratory. It was concluded that ejaculate quality varied widely among examined lines, although the maternal line SU seemed to be the weakest of all three lines.

  
   
• EVALUATION OF CLINICAL MASTITIS OCCURRENCE, TREATMENT PROTOCOLS AND PATHOGEN PREVALENCE IN A DAIRY HERD DURING 12 MONTHS
  VAVROVA EVA, PALIK JIRI, SLADEK ZBYSEK
  view abstract fulltext eva.vavrova.umfgz@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: Data from a dairy herd (283 cows) in Czech Republic were analysed to find out the situation among clinical mastitis (CM), pathogen prevalence and combination of drugs used for treatment. The data show that heifers suffer from clinical mastitis at most (45% cases). The highest occurence of CM appeared in winter months with heifers´ calving. The prevalent pathogenes in this herd are E.coli, Bacillus sp. and Staphylococci. The cows are mostly treated withcombination of antibiotics marbofloxacinum, flunixine and oxytetracycline.

  
   

Agroecology

• MISCANTHUS – POSSIBILITY OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION MITIGATION
  BERNAS JAROSLAV, JELINKOVA ZUZANA, MOUDRY JR. JAN, KOPECKY MAREK, MOUDRY JAN
  view abstract fulltext bernasj@seznam.cz
  

  Abstract: One of the most important renewable energy source is the energy from phytomass. Recently, there has been significant development of growing energy crops as raw materials for biogas production in biogas plants (BGP). In the conditions of the Czech Republic, it is mainly maize. Maize cultivation itself and especially technical processes associated with it participate significantly in the anthropogenic emission production. One of the ways of reducing these emissions is the substitution of maize with another plant suitable for such purposes. This may be Miscanthus x giganteus. This article presents the results of monitoring of emission load resulting from the cultivation of maize (Zea mays L.) and Miscanthus x giganteus for energy purposes. The tool to determine the level of emission load (expressed in CO₂e where CO₂e = 1x CO₂ + 23x CH₄ + 298x N₂O) is the simplified Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method, respectively its Climate Impact category. For the calculations, the SIMAPro software and the ReCiPe Midpoint (H) method is used. The results show that within the cultivation of Miscanthus x giganteus for energy purposes, the CO₂e production decreases during the second year of cultivation by nearly 40% per 1 kg of dry matter. While in comparison with maize, it is almost half production of CO₂e per the production unit depending on the yields and energy inputs.

  
   
• EVALUATION OF THE PHYTOTOXICITY OF RECYCLED MANURE SOLIDS USED FOR DAIRY CATTLE BEDDING
  BROUSKOVA ELISKA, VAVERKOVA MAGDALENA, HAVLICEK ZDENEK, ADAMCOVA DANA, PECINOVA HANA
  view abstract fulltext eliska.brouskova@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: Evaluation of the toxicity of substances and their effects on the structure and functionality of the ecosystem is performed via phytotoxicity tests. To asses the environmental impact of cattle manure solids used as bedding for dairy cattle, the present experiment used a laboratory phytotoxicity test monitoring the germination and growth of plants over a period of 21 days. Germ counts (number of growing plants) and plant biomass on samples of cattle manure solids were counted and compared 14 and 21 days after the beginning of the experiment. During the testing of cattle manure solids samples, no changes in appearance or slowdown of growth have been detected. The result have shown that the percentage of germinated seeds is lower than 90% in a portion of the samples when compared to plants growing on the control sample. The conditions are this slightly phytotoxic.

  
   
• THE EFFECT OF HETEROGENEITY LANDSCAPE ON FARMLAND BIRDS
  DANKOVA RENATA, HULA VLADIMIR, NIEDOBOVA JANA
  view abstract fulltext xdanko11@node.mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: Landscape structure and environmental conditions are very important factors for occurrence and survival of each animal. Traditional farming created suitable conditions for farmland birds. Landscape structure has changed extremely in the second half of the twentieth century in the Czech Republic but remained unchanged in Austria. Farmland birds are currently one of the most endangered species, therefore these birds were studied in the agricultural landscape of the Czech Republic and Austria. Point count methodology was used. The aim of the study was to determine whether the landscape heterogeneity influence on species richness and number of individuals. Homogenous agricultural landscape of the Czech Republic and heterogeneous landscape of Austria were chosen for comparison. According to the results it is evident that the heterogeneity of the landscape has a significant influence on the representation of the birds in the landscape. Heterogeneity of landscape provides for birds sufficient opportunities of shelter, food and nesting sites.

  
   
• IMPACT OF HYDROPOLYMER ON NITROGEN AVAILABILITY IN MEDITERRANEAN SOIL
  DVORACKOVA HELENA, HUESO GONZALEZ PALOMA, ZAHORA JAROSLAV, ELBL JAKUB, MIKAJLO IRINA, RUIZ SINOGA JOSE DAMIAN, SVOBODA ZDENEK
  view abstract fulltext xdvorac8@node.mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: Polymers are substances that are increasingly utilized in Mediterranean areas during dry seasons. Their basic property is the ability to absorb large amount of water in the rainy periods, retain the water and release it to vegetation in the periods of drought. The typical problem of Mediterranean vegetation is wilting in the dry spells. If polymer is applied to soil before the start of the rainy period, sufficient water supply for the dry season can be secured. It has been proved that polymers also have a favorable effect on a number of physical properties of soil, such as aggregate stability or infiltration. Soil is a complex system, consisting of animate and inanimate constituents, whose mutual relations and balance determine the soil fertility. The positive effect of polymer on the physical properties therefore need not entail the increase of fertility. This contribution aims to assess the impact of TerraCottem polymer on the availability of nitrogen in the soil. The results of the work suggest that the application of polymer not only improves the soil physical properties, but also influences the soil life. The experiment included work with model soils containing different amounts of polymer plus another additive. The additives applied were glucose or industrial fertilizer.

  
   
• MICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SOIL INFLUENCED BY DIFFERENT LEVELS OF CRUDE OIL HYDROCARBONS CONTAMINATIONS
  DVORACKOVA HELENA, MIKAJLO IRINA, ZAHORA JAROSLAV
  view abstract fulltext xdvorac8@node.mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: Bioremediation is a method of reviving the environment through natural processes. These processes may be faster and more effective thanks to modern technology. This diploma thesis deals with the topic of microbial activity of soil influenced by different levels of crude oil hydrocarbon contamination and observation of microbial consortia activity in contaminated, non-contaminated and sterile soil. The initial chapter deals with crude oil contamination and bacterial metabolism which is able to remove this contamination. A container trial was executed in the experimental part of the thesis. The plants were planted into different types of modified soil (crude oil application, sterilization etc.). The production of biomass was compared and several conclusions from the results were drawn. The basic fact is that the soil microorganisms which occur in oil soil can design a life strategy in this environment and can also prosper, which is reflected in the production of biomass. The container trial was determined as the most exact method of soil activity valuation because it most approximates the real soil proportion. Analyses of storage soil were performed after finishing the container trial. These results brought similar conclusions; however the cultivation in the culture medium and cultivation in the soil as such are incomparable. The storage soil underwent a watercress trial. This trial confirmed toxic effects of crude oil but it also showed the fact that crude oil is a natural substance and microorganisms can adapt to it. The mineralization of soil was measured with help of ionic measurements.

  
   
• BIOCHAR AND ORGANIC-WASTE COMPOST AS SOIL AMENDMENTS TO ARABLE SOIL: POTENTIAL INFLUENCE ON SOIL REACTION, SALINITY AND PHYTOTOXICITY
  ELBL JAKUB, MIKAJLO IRINA, BRTNICKY MARTIN, KYNICKY JINDRICH
  view abstract fulltext jakub.elbl@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: Biochar may become a key element in our agriculture in the future, particularly in terms of soil fertility maintenance and negative impacts of soil erosion processes avoiding. From a global perspective biochar can be used in isolation of atmospheric CO₂. Present work deals with different properties of biochar from woody biomass, arable soil and compost. Conductivity, pH and total amount of dissolved solids (salinity) in the water extract has been determined for each of the samples. The measured results show a clear difference between biochar, arable soil and compost. Furthermore based on these results we conclude the potential effect of biochar addition on soil health and quality.

  
   
• CAN GREEN ROOFS PURIFY STORMWATER RUNOFF? - THE ESTABLISHMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL GREEN ROOFS
  FILIPOVA LENKA, HUBACIKOVA VERA
  view abstract fulltext lenka.filipova@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: This article introduces the establishment of the experimental green roofs and of green roof research on Mendel University in Brno. The experimental green roofs were established in August 2015 and it is based on current issues of rainwater management and the quality of storm water launched into recipients or sewage system. There is a valid legislation addressing the management of rainwater in environment – decree no. 268/2009, Coll., and decree no. 269/2009, Coll. Four experimental plots were created and placed in Mendel University Campus. It was hypothesized that different types of experimental plots will result in different amount of retained water and in different quality of water runoff. Water quality will be monitored and evaluated by Government Regulation no. 23/2011, Coll., using spectrophotometric method, then analysed in laboratory of the Department of Applied and Landscape Ecology, Mendel University in Brno.

  
   
• EFFECT OF SOIL CONDITIONERS APPLICATION ON NUTRIENTS AND HUMIC SUBSTANCES CONTENT IN POT EXPERIMENTS
  HABOVA MAGDALENA, POSPISILOVA LUBICA
  view abstract fulltext xhabova1@node.mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: The aim of our work was to study the effect of selected soil conditioners on nutrients and humic substances content in pot experiments (Phytotron CLF PlantMaster, Wertingen, Germany). Object of our study was Haplic Cambisol reached from locality Vatín (Czech Republic). For pot experiments we used 835 g of soil and 50 g of each conditioners (biochar, digestate, lignite, compost), except lignohumate. Lignohumate was applied in dose 5 g and 835 g of soil, because of high content of soluble salts. As tested plant we chose lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Nutrients content was determined by Mehlich III. Humic substances fractionation was made by Kononova and Belchikova method. All studied conditioners mainly effected total carbon content in soil. Application of lignohumate had the highest effect on nutrients content and fractional composition of humus.

  
   
• DETERMINATION OF SOIL ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION USING PORTABLE XRF ANALYSER
  HABOVA MAGDALENA, POSPISILOVA LUBICA, RENCIUKOVA VERONIKA
  view abstract fulltext xhabova1@node.mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: Ex-situ elemental analysis of soil and silica-sand growing medium using portable XRF analyser Niton XL3t GOLD+ is presented. Object of study was Haplic Cambisol (Vatín, Czech Republic) and silica-sand growing medium. Both of them are supposed to be used for further pot experiments with selenium application. Application two forms: sodium selenium and selenium particles; and two concentrations: 0.2 mg and 2 mg). Therefore elemental analysis and trace elements determination was necessary. We came to the conclusion, that portable XRF analyser represents quick                    and convenient methods for determination of elemental composition in soils and growing medium.

  
   
• DEVELOPMENT OF USE OF AGRICULTURAL LAND IN THE SELECTED AREA
  HANUSOVA HELENA, CHOVANCOVA SVETLANA, WINKLER JAN
  view abstract fulltext helcahanusova@gmail.com
  

  Abstract: Paper deals with analysis of historical development LAND USE and ecological stability coefficients calculations. Three cadastral areas Čečkovice, Jeřišno and Maleč were used for analysis. The goal is to determine how land use has changed over the years 1845 and 2000. The overall stability of the land was detected using the coefficient of ecological stability. Historical data analysis Land use showed significant changes in landscape use. The increase of arable lands and forest areas was due to change of farming management. Changing farming also affects the loss of pastures. Calculations of ecological stability coefficients showed difference between two methodologies. Even though it can be stated that the area is generally less stable and its stability decreases with time. Since the area of interest is located in a protected part of the Iron Mountains, there should be a higher ecological stability.

  
   
• SPIDERS OF THE VINE PLANTS IN SOUTHERN MORAVIA
  HAVLOVA LUCIE
  view abstract lucie.havlova@mendelu.cz
  

  Landscape heterogeneity and presence of surrounding habitats is a frequently studied topic because in many European agricultural landscapes we can see the decline of species richness and it is the growing problem in recent years. Landscape heterogeneity affects spatial distribution of species and it‘s conservation is important to ensure a positive future development of landscape. We had chosen typical landscape mosaic across southern Moravia, meaning vineyards, for our research. Araneofauna of vineyards is relatively known in Central Europe but we have a lack of knowledge about araneofauna which occur directly on the vine plants. The study was conducted in the commercial wine production. Our investigation was focused on spiders which live on vine plants, especially on the vine plants trunks.

  
   
• PLANNED RESEARCH DESCRIPTION AND METHODICS OF THE IMPACT OF BUILDINGS IN A FLOOD PLAIN AREA DURING FLOODS
  JIROUT MILAN, HUBACIKOVA VERA, TOMAN FRANTISEK
  view abstract fulltext xjirout@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: This contribution presents a description and a methodology of planned future research, which will deal with the impact of buildings during floods. For the area of interest was selected part of the watercourse Jevíčka basin around town Jevíčko. There is an industrial complex of REHAU Company in the town, which is planned to be expanded. The processing will be done using the modelling program FLO-2D and 1D HEC-RAS to determine how the complex will be affected by flood flows. Then will be proposed measures to enhance the protection of people and property will be proposed and these options will be compared with each other.

  
   
• RESEARCH INTO THE USE OVERSIZE FRACTION OF COMPOSTING
  JORDANKOVA KATERINA, HORACKOVA KRISTYNA, STEJSKAL BOHDAN
  view abstract fulltext xjordank@node.mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: Research into the use oversize fraction of composting based on the requirements of legislation to reduce the total amount of biodegradable municipal waste going to landfills and current aid of composting.Prior to shipment of finished compost from the composting facility is required, this compost is supersaturated.Oversize fraction arises, which contains large lumps of compost, composted fraction of biodegradable municipal waste (mainly wood), aggregates and impurities (plastic, glass, metals, etc.).Part of this fraction is re-used in the composting process as inoculum and carbon source, excess oversize fraction is at best used as a technological material to secure landfills, or worse landfilled as waste is stabilized.Such handling oversize component of composting is highly uneconomic and in the future will be illegal, because most components of the oversize fraction are also useable. The biggest potential of oversize fraction for further utilization offers composted wood, which can be separated from the oversize fraction and further processed for commercial purposes.The possibility of separation of wood (and other components) from the oversize fraction is wet and the dry method.These methods have been validated in the determination of the individual material components of oversize fraction, which was collected from the Company Central Composting Brno. Work drafts the technological processes of separation of wood (and other components) from the oversize fraction and discusses their potentials, barriers, advantages and disadvantages. The work suggests other (commercial) use for each of separate material components (wood) from the oversize fraction.

  
   
• EFFECT OF COMPOST AMENDMENT ON HEAVY METALS TRANSPORT TO PLANT
  KUBNA DANIELA, ELBL JAKUB, PLOSEK LUKAS
  view abstract fulltext xkubna@node.mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: Concentration of heavy metals in environment has been significantly affected by human since last century. This work presents the analysis of the influence of compost amendment on heavy metals transport to the plantLactuca sativa L. grown in contaminated soils. To demonstrate the effect of compost, a pot experiment was performed. Eight variants of soils with different concentrations of pollutants with and without compost amendment were prepared. The contaminated soils we used in our experiment come from the Nord France region Noyelles-Godault. Main pollutants were Pb, Cd and Zn. The decrease of heavy metals content in plants was observed by the simultaneous applications of compost to contaminated soils, from 10% to 50% in comparison with the variants without compost amendment. The BCF (bioconcentration factor) gives a clear view on reduced uptake of HM (heavy metal) by plant. Based on these results, we conclude that application of organic waste compost has positive effect on immobilization and bioavailability of heavy metals.

  
   
• SOIL EROSION MODELING IN CADASTRAL AREA TRENČIANSKA TURNÁ
  MICHAL PETER, MALENCIKOVA TAMARA, LACKOOVA LENKA
  view abstract fulltext petomichal1@gmail.com
  

  Abstract: Paper deals with calculation and modelling of soil erosion in chosen area. The case study area is in municipality of Trenčianska Turná, area is selected because this location is monitored and data of soil and climatic characteristics are available, as well as information about cultivated crops and crop management. Paper deals with both wind and water erosion. Potential and actual erosion soil transport is calculated by means of soil loss equation USLE and by means of WEQ equation for wind erosion.  Results show how erosion soil transport can be decreased.

  
   
• SOIL MINERAL NITROGEN TRANSFORMATION IN TERMS OF BIOCHAR AMENDMENT ALONG WITH MINERAL ADDITIVES AND INOCULUMS INFLUENCE
  MIKAJLO IRINA, ZAHORA JAROSLAV, DVORACKOVA HELENA, ELBL JAKUB, HYNSHT JAROSLAV, SVOBODA ZDENEK
  view abstract fulltext irina.mikajlo@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: The carbon rich solid formed by pyrolysis of biomass or “biochar” with its storage in soils considered to be as a mean of climate changes mitigation by sequestering carbon. Investigators argue biochar’s effectiveness as a global warming solution due to its remaining stable in the soil for many years and its positive effect on soil fertility with its special particular chemical and biological properties. However, soil treatment with a freshly prepared biochar may cause a danger of plant growth deterioration. The main target of the following research is to investigate the effect of biochar amendment along with the microbial inoculums and fertilizers addition on soil mineral nitrogen transformation by measuring its content in test soil and the availability of nitrogen for soil microbes. Different variants with biochar treatment along with two types of inoculums and mineral fertilizer amendment have been adjusted in a growth box during the experiment conduction. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is considering as a sensitive indicator to soil state changes hence it has been chosen as an experimental test-plant. Determination of nitrogen availability and measurement of mineral nitrogen leaching have been analyzed. It has been observed that the application of inoculums along with biochar amendment supports microbial activity and consequent nitrogen immobilization that has been accompanied with low values of both NH₄⁺-N and NO₃^--N losses.

  
   
• DIFFERENCE OF MACROELEMENTS CONTENT BETWEEN VARIANTS WITH APPLICATION OF DIGESTATE AND CALCIUM AMMONIUM NITRATE DURING VEGETATION SEASON - PERMANENT GRASSLAND
  SIMECKOVA JANA, JANDAK JIRI
  view abstract fulltext jana.simeckova.uapmv@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: Nutrients are very important for crop production. Our agriculture would not exist without external inputs of nutrients. The external inputs of nutrients are provided fertilizers. We have the opportunity to choose from a large number of fertilizers. With the expanding amount of biogas production is increasingly applied by-product of their activities (digestate) to the soil as fertilizer.

  This article describes the differences content of macroelements and pH/KCl between variant with digestate and calcium ammonium nitrate by vegetation cover permanent grassland. These results were taken from a field trial. It can state that it was found statistical significant differences between contents of macroelements and pH/KCl too.

  
   
• CHANGES ORGANIC CARBON CONTENT DEPENDING ON THE FERTILIZER MANAGEMENT
  SIMECKOVA JANA, JANDAK JIRI
  view abstract fulltext jana.simeckova.uapmv@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: The current agricultural practices cannot do without external input. The ground biomass is removed from soil. For this reason, it cannot produce soil organic matter. It affects negatively many other soil properties (soil structure, cation exchange capacity, water retention, etc.) and yield.

  In recent years, biogas plants have been built increasingly. It exists the idea, we can apply by-products in soil. And it may represent an effective strategy to tackle the widespread loss of soil organic matter acknowledged in the last decades.

  This article describes the differences in content of organic carbon (Corg) between two terms sampling – the autumn 2014 and the spring 2015 by three fertilizer managements – manure, calcium ammonium nitrate and digestate. The samples were taken from two depths – 0.03–0.07 m and 0.13–0.17 m. In addition, the samples from spring sampling were evaluated statistically.

  Our results suggest that the most Corg content had a variant with manure application. There were differences of Corg content depending on the depth.

  
   
• BIOCHAR APPLICATION INTO THE SOIL - SIMULATION OF THE LATE-PHASE EFFECT-MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
  SVOBODA ZDENEK, ZAHORA JAROSLAV, MIKAJLO IRINA, DVORACKOVA HELENA
  view abstract fulltext xsvobod5@node.mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: Biochar is a fine-grained material produced by pyrolysis. During pyrolysis, plant cells carbonize and a chemical change occurs which increases the resistance to microbial decomposition. The application of biochar to soil brings many benefits. Among others, biochar can be used to “siphon” CO₂ from the air into stable forms in the soil, which could also contribute to carbon sequestration. In terms of agricultural management, the addition of biochar into soil increases its fertility, water and nutrient retention and accumulation of rainfall water. The improvement of the physical properties of the soil, in particular, increase in the capillary water capacity, leads to increased productivity of plant growing, higher microbial activity of the soil and greater availability of nutrients, particularly P and K.  However, biochar loses its ability to directly stimulate microbial activity after remaining in the soil for a longer period of time, since the attractive substances in the biochar which accompany the pyrolysis process will have been used up by the microbes. In this later stage, biochar mainly improves the physical characteristics of soil and thus indirectly stimulates microorganisms and improves soil fertility. To simulate biochar depleted of nutrients, the experiment used activated carbon. To answer the question of how biochar which has remained in the soil for a long period of time influences the movement of nutrients and water in the soil after application and thus affects the fertility of the soil, we performed and evaluated a pot experiment. In the experiment, activated carbon was applied along with different doses of compost, and a relation was sought between the experimental variants. The study monitored mainly the activity of microorganisms, soil respiration, nitrogen availability index and colonization of roots by mycorrhizal fungi. The goal is to answer the question of the extent of stabilized biochar effectiveness on the soil-plant-microorganism system.

  
   
• INTERACTION BETWEEN LIMING AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON SEMI-NATURAL GRASSLAND
  TAUSOVA LUCIE, SIMECKOVA JANA, DETVANOVA LENKA
  view abstract fulltext lucie.marsalkova@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: The experiment monitors the changes of exchangeable soil reaction (pH) and yields of the semi-natural grassland after using dolomitic limestone and urea (with and without inhibitors). The field experiment was founded on the area of 480 m² in Bohemian-Moravian Highlands. These variants were followed: not limed - control (C), not limed + urea (NL + U), not limed + urea with urease inhibitor (NL + UI), not limed + urea with nitrification inhibitor (NL + NI). Likewise there were differentiated variants of nitrogen fertilization, where the liming was done:  limed (L), limed + urea (L+ U), limed + urea with urease inhibitor (L+ UI), limed + urea with nitrification inhibitor (L + NI). Liming was done by dolomitic limestone at a dose of 1.8 t ∙ ha ^-1. The urea fertilizers were applied at a dose of 100 kg ∙ ha ^-1.  After the first mowing in June 2014, the data from one year of the experiment were evaluated. The results showed that the interaction between liming and nitrogen fertilization was not statistically significant, maybe average values of pH observed that liming clearly increased the pH values of the soil (L, L+U, L+UI, L+NI). The effect of dolomitic limestone and nitrogen fertilizers was not statistically significant, even in case of the yield of dry forage. It is however clear that all variants with liming had lower yield even than the control variant (C).

  
   

Rural Development

• ASSESSMENT OF THE ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF LIBERALIZATION OF COFFEE SECTOR IN UGANDA
  BAMWESIGYE DASTAN, POMAZALOVA NATASA
  view abstract fulltext bamwesigyedastan@gmail.com
  

  Abstract: The paper assesses the economic effects of trade liberalization of coffee sector in Uganda as as driver for rural development. Uganda for dacades been and is among the worlds most producers of coffee as well as the chief exporters on the world market. Coffee also plays an important role at the national level contributing close to 20% of the country’s foreign exchange earnings.The study assessed time series data from 1960 to 2013 on Production, Trade and Marketing of coffee in Uganda and the recent trends. Exploratory design was used to study the data as well as Descriptive research method which helped to analyse the data. The study explored time series of coffee production, export, and consumption and describes the findings in detail. The study found out that trade liberalisation of the sector in 1991/1992 was followed by a boom in the sector, the participants have increased, competitiveness has equally increased and has since seen also many players on the world market and Ugandan coffee hit all corners of the globe but with biggest share in the EU.

  
   
• TOURISM AS AN EFFECTIVE INSTRUMENT OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT – CASE STUDY OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF DONOVALY
  CIVAN MAREK, KROGMANN ALFRED
  view abstract fulltext marek.civan@ukf.sk
  

  Abstract: The paper is focused on the transformation of former rural territory by tourism, which is an effective tool for regional development of rural areas. Firstly, the formation and economic orientation of former municipality of Donovaly is pointed out along with the consequential changes influenced by tourism. The increase in the number of accommodation facilities is highlighted, because it represents one of the cornerstones of tourism facilities. The main part of the paper lies in the analysis of questionnaire survey, which was realized among the visitors of municipality. Based on that, the prototype visitor of Donovaly during summer season is designed, while there are emphasized the most attractive places along with the attendance zones of visitors, what can be useful in future marketing activities. The results may become an effective tool in further development of the municipality also from the perspective of products of tourism in order to reach current and potential target markets.

  
   
• CHALLENGES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN POLAND
  MAJEWSKA IZABELLA
  view abstract majewskaizabella@gmail.com
  

  Sustainability management in business, sustainable production, consumption, construction and architecture strategies and indicators of sustainable development.

  
   
• PERCEPTUAL MARGINALITY AS AN OLD-NEW APPROACH IN RESEARCH ON MARGINALITY IN RURAL AREAS
  MALIKOVA LUCIA
  view abstract malikova@fns.uniba.sk
  

  Abstract: Although a large number of authors is devoted to the research on marginality, majority of these studies captures only some aspects of this multidimensional phenomenon. Thus, this study reflects one of the neglected approaches in this context – perceptual marginality. Concise theoretical introduction into the topic preceded methodological debate related to the utility of various methods suitable for the  research on perception of space and spatial processes. Latter, our attention focuses on two specific case studies demonstrating research on perceptual marginality within Irish and Slovak rural context, where we aim to point out the merits of this approach in research on marginality as such.

  
   
• THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPE OF THE VILLAGE OSTOPOVICE
  REHACKOVA KRISTYNA, STASTNA MILADA
  view abstract fulltext xrehacko@node.mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: This paper describes the transformation of Czech cultural landscape in Ostopovice municipality. Firstly, the cultural landscape is depicted in detail and there are identified the specifics of the selected area. Subsequently, there are compared and evaluated changes in the landscape during the past 60 years. Used methods such as scanning, questionnaires and SWOT analysis, including set of three hypotheses, are presented in the   methodological section. There is also Ostopovice community and landscape-ecological context characterized in detail within the selected time period. There have been identified conclusive landscape changes over the time comparing historical maps to the present ones. The results of SWOT analysis reflect mainly the opportunities for the land-use in selected area. All hypotheses were confirmed by using selected methods and subsequent evaluation. The results confirm the significant land-use changes in the cultural landscape of the Ostopovice village and the potential for their increase in the future.

  
   
• VYSOKE MYTO MICROREGION LANDSCAPE VALUES
  STODOLOVA VERONIKA, STASTNA MILADA, VAVROUCHOVA HANA, MASICEK TOMAS
  view abstract fulltext veronika.stodolova@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: The aim of the article was to describe transformation of the perception of the cultural landscape value over the time in Vysoke Myto microregion. It was necessary to identify, analyse and permanently document disappearing testimony in the memories of older generations. This testimony was made as a part of the cultural heritage of the village, in the form of so called “Modern chronicle of the village” using map outputs, field research, photographs and audio recordings of interviews with natives. Modern chronicle of the village was made as interactive media; containing recordings of interviews with eyewitnesses, accompanied with visual material (photos and video) locally associated with the described verbally locations or events. The results showed that mental ties to the land are often decisive for the formation of local identity and stabilize the rural population.

  
   
• INTENSITY OF TOURISM IN THE MUNICIPALITIES OF TATRY TOURISM REGION AS A BASIC FACTOR FOR RECREATIONAL URBANISATION
  SVORAD ANDREJ, KROGMANN ALFRED, CIVAN MAREK
  view abstract fulltext andrej.svorad@ukf.sk
  

  Abstract: The aim of the paper is to identify particular regions in relation to the intensity of tourism as well as to point out the regions with potential for further development of recreational urbanisation in the Tatry tourism region. Just the mentioned region is the exceptional one, especially due to its natural features, which consequently indirectly affect not only the development of towns, but municipalities in their hinterland, too. This constantly increasing level of recreational urbanization of these municipalities is the impulse for further development or rural area. Taking into account that the impacts of recreational suburbanization start to show in the mentioned rural regions; that are directly linked to relatively developed tourism destinations; it is appropriate to localize and analyze them. We realized a survey using the method of spatial autocorrelation that defines the dependence of incidence of selected phenomenon in the area on its incidence in the hinterland. This spatial autocorrelation was quantified using the Moran’s index, while the LISA method was applied for the purposes of data evaluation. Within the catchment area were identified various clusters of positive and negative autocorrelation.

  
   
• ASSESSMENT THE UPDATE OF ESTIMATED PEDOLOGIC-ECOLOGICAL UNIT IN SELECTED CADASTRAL AREA OF TESCHEN SILESIA
  SZTURC JAN, PODHRAZSKA JANA
  view abstract fulltext xszturc@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: The article deal problems of development of soil characteristics and his impact on the pricing of land in two cadastral areas of Teschen Silesia. It concisely describes the evaluation method of soil based on soil ecological units (EPEU), and procedures for updating them. The article also evaluates the evolution of prices of soil in accordance with applicable regulations in years 2002, 2008 and 2013. It is also based on a comparison of the original and update EPEU evaluated the difference in the price of the land according to valid regulations 441/2013 Sb. The results show that the prices of estimated pedologic-ecological unit are currently increased in average about 50% compared to 2002. Furthermore, it can say that in these areas may lead to reduce of prices EPEU due to processes, which means for property owners substantial economic losses.

  
   
• THE DEMOGRAPHIC PECULIARITIES OF RURAL POPULATION
  VASYLCHENKO ALONA, PAVLU ANETA
  view abstract fulltext alona.vasylchenko@seznam.cz
  

  Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to determine differences in statistic characteristics between rural and urban population. The research was concentrated on the South Moravian Region and the data from the Population and Housing census were used. This study investigates relation between the number of family members of household and the size of municipality and dependence of the fertility level on the size of municipality. Moreover the phenomenon of ageing of the rural and urban population was studied. As a result it was found that households with higher number of family members are more characteristic for smaller settlements. Fertility is higher in rural areas and small towns. The ageing of population is widespread in rural areas as well as in urban areas.

  
   
• USING AN “INTERSECT” TOOL IN ARCGIS FOR ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN THE SECONDARY LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE OF PODHAJSKA MUNICIPALITY
  ZONCOVA MICHAELA, DUBCOVA ALENA
  view abstract fulltext michaela.zoncova@ukf.sk
  

  Abstract: Observed area – Podhájska municipality is known for its thermal spa, which is the driving force in the development. The article deals with the analysis of changes in secondary landscape structure in Podhájska in the period between 1987 and 2014. Maps of secondary landscape structure were created by digitization of aerial imagery of the observed area in individual years and areas were identified where changes have occurred. They were defined as dynamic areas in Podhájska. Then we looked at the analysis of the changes types where we have used the "Intersect" tool in ArcGIS 10.1 and we have identified changes from group of landscape elements "x" to a group of landscape elements "y". With this way, we pointed out on the changes types in the current rural environment. Changes were observed at 6.58% of the territory in the whole observed period. The most significant changes became evident in expansion of agricultural land at the expense of forest vegetation, abandonment of specific forms of agriculture at the expense of the built-up territory and a decrease of agricultural land in extent of forest vegetation – overgrowing and abandonment of land.

  
   

Food Technology

• THE MIGRATION OF PHTHALATES FROM PACKAGING INTO FOOD DEPENDING ON THE HEAT PROCESSING AND FAT CONTENT OF MEAT PRODUCTS
  BOGDANOVICOVA SONA, JAROSOVA ALZBETA, MIHOK MICHAL, JANDASEK JOSEF
  view abstract fulltext sona.bogdanovicova@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: Phthalates (PAE) are organic lipophilic compounds mostly used as plasticizers to increase the flexibility of plastic polymers. Other applications include printing ink and varnishes. Humans are mostly exposed to phthalates via food; such exposure can have adverse effects on health. The goal of this study was to investigate the migration of phthalate compounds: di-n-butyl pthalate (DBP) and di-2-ethylhexil pthalate (DEHP) in model meat products of the Bologna type sausage category depending on the packaging used and the percentage fat content due to heat processing.

  
   
• UTILIZING MALT FROM PURPLE WHEAT KONINI VARIETY FOR PRODUCTION OF TOP-FERMENTED BEER
  DOSTALOVA YVONA, HRIVNA LUDEK, JANECKOVA MARIE, MACHALKOVA LENKA, MRKVICOVA EVA, VYHNANEK TOMAS, TROJAN VACLAV, PAVLU MILENA, JUZL MIROSLAV
  view abstract fulltext yvona.dostalova@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: This experiment is focused on the influence of malt produced from purple Konini wheat, which underwent kilning at 80°C, 100°C, and 120°C, on the resulting quality of the top-fermented beer. In the production of six different samples of beer we have used two ratios of barley (Pilsner) and wheat malt (50:50, 70:30). Individual samples were subjected to sensory evaluation including evaluation of colour. We have determined the extract content (actual and apparent), alcohol, and original gravity of the hopped wort. The highest alcohol content (5.25%) occurs in samples using light caramel wheat malt in both ratios of malt. The contents of both actual and apparent extract were increased to 6.5%, 4.8% resp., by using malt kilned at higher temperature (100°C or 120°C) and using a higher dose of wheat malt. Beers that show the lightest colour (over L* = 80) are those made with a greater proportion of barley malt and malt kilned at lower temperature (80°C). When comparing both ratios used, the better scoring assessed beers were those using more barley malt, therefore the best evaluated beer was produced from "Pilsner" malt type with 30% wheat and 70% barley malt.

  
   
• USE OF COLOUR VARIETIES OF WHEAT IN THE BAKERY INDUSTRY
  JANECKOVA MARIE, HRIVNA LUDEK, MACHALKOVA LENKA, DOSTALOVA YVONA, MRKVICOVA EVA, VYHNANEK TOMAS, TROJAN VACLAV, PLUCAROVA DANA, NEDOMOVA SARKA
  view abstract fulltext xjaneck5@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract:Coloured wheat represents an interesting raw material for the food industry not only in terms of new products, but also for its positive effects on human health. We have tested four varieties of coloured wheat – Konini, Rosso, Scorpion, and UC66049. From the milling fractions obtained by milling grains of coloured wheat, we have compiled 11 pastry recipes. The results of sensory analysis indicate that the best variants for preparation of pastry recipes are variants 2, 9, and 10. Variant 2 contained only flour milled from the Konini variety. Variants 9 and 10 contained an admixture of 10% of bran particles. Variant 9 was produced from the Rosso flour variety and variant 10 from the Scorpion variety.

  
   
• YIELD AND TECHNOLOGICAL QUALITY OF SUGAR BEET AFTER EXTRARADICAL NUTRITION
  MACHALKOVA LENKA, HRIVNA LUDEK, HERNANDEZ KONG JOANY LIZET, STAVEK ONDREJ
  view abstract fulltext lenka.machalkova@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: This small-plot field experiment was aimed at testing the effects of extraradical nutrition on the quality of sugar beet production. The experiment also included the monitoring of root growth dynamics and changes in the root’s technological quality. The growth of taproots during the vegetation period corresponded with the development of the weather conditions. The sugar content in the taproots gradually increased up to an average harvest value of 18.1%. When monitoring the variants, the content of alpha-amino nitrogen did not undergo significant changes, staying in the rather positive values of 15–20 mg·100g^-1. Similarly positive was the low content of noxious potassium at the point of harvest. The best results were obtained after repeated application of the Carbon Si fertilizer. This variant reached the highest taproot yield, polarization sugar yield and refined sugar yield per hectare. The highest sugar content was reached after repeated application of the Carbonbor Zn, Cu, S spray in combination with Insenol. The experiment has shown that extraradical nutrition promotes taproot yield and has a positive influence on technological quality as well.

  
   
• QUALITY PARAMETERS AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COLORED-GRAIN WHEAT AFTER FOLIAR FERTILIZATION
  MACHALKOVA LENKA, HRIVNA LUDEK, JANECKOVA MARIE, DOSTALOVA YVONA, MRKVICOVA EVA, VYHNANEK TOMAS, TROJAN VACLAV
  view abstract fulltext lenka.machalkova@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: Winter wheat varieties "Rosso" and "Skorpion"  were cultivated in 2013–2014 in small-plot field trials. A half of variants were fertilized only with nitrogen as part of regeneration and production fertilization, while the other part was fertilized with sulfur and nitrogen. The total dosage amounting to 184 kg of nitrogen per hectare and 94 kg of sulfur per hectare. Accordingly, the qualitative fertilization involved NP solution, YARA Vita Thiotrac and combinations of both applied by foliar spraying. The application of sulfur combined with nitrogen or qualitative fertilization had no influence on grain yield. The qualitative fertilization increased the protein content by up to 0.8% for "Rosso" and only by 0.2% for "Skorpion", while the value of Zeleny sedimentation volume grew by 2.7 to 6.3 ml for "Rosso" and by 1 to 1.7 ml for the "Skorpion" variants fertilized with N₁S₁. The representation of individual protein fractions was significantly influenced only by the variety - no fertilization effect was demonstrated.For "Rosso", the content of selected cyanidins increased by l.0%–81.0% after the application of qualitative fertilization, while the influence for "Skorpion" was less significant, ranging from -9.3% to 37.3%.The extremely favorable conditions in the given crop year significantly eliminated the effects of the qualitative fertilization applied.

  
   
• EFFECT OF GOAT MILK ANALYTICAL PROPERTIES ON ITS VISCOSITY AND CONDUCTIVITY
  PYTEL ROMAN, KUMBAR VOJTECH, NEDOMOVA SARKA, SUSTOVA KVETOSLAVA
  view abstract fulltext r.pytel@seznam.cz
  

  Abstract: In this paper were analysed viscosity and conductivity of individual samples of goat milk. Milk samples were characterised by chemical analysis such as content of fat, dry matter, protein content, lactose, and titratable acidity. Viscosity was studied using a concentric cylinder viscometer. Results of milk samples viscosity were in range from 1.634±0.166 to 1.850±0.167 mPa∙s. The range of conductivity results was from 0.377 to 0.445 S∙m^-1. Viscosity of goat milk was significantly depended on content of fat, proteins, and/or dry matter. Increasing titratable acidity of goat milk caused its conductivity increase. However, other parameters such as content of fat, proteins, lactose, and/or dry matter lead to decrease of goat milk conductivity.

  
   
• THE LOAD ON THE SOILS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC BY PHTHALIC ACID ESTERS
  SIATKOVA MONIKA, JAROSOVA ALZBETA, POLAKOVA SARKA
  view abstract fulltext xsiatkov@node.mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract:The aim of the study was to monitor two esters of the phthalic acid, dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) in agricultural soils in the Czech Republic in 2014. The concentration of DBP and DEHP was determined using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection. The extraction was performed ultrasonically by a mixture of acetone:hexane (1:1). DBP and DEHP monitoring was performed in 12 regions of the Czech Republic. The DBP values ranged from 0.08 (Hlízov) to 1.78 mg.kg^-1 (Chrlice) of dry matter. The DEHP values ranged from 0.01 (Hlízov) to 2.32 (Malenovice u Zlína) mg.kg^-1 of dry matter. The sum of the concentrations of DBP and DEHP ranged from 0.09 (Hlízov) to 3.21 mg.kg^-1 of dry matter (Chrlice).

  
   
• EFFECT OF FISH OIL IN THE DIET OF THE MODEL ORGANISM ON HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND CHEMILUMINISCENCE OF LEUKOCYTES
  SKULTETY ONDREJ, KOMPRDA TOMAS , VALOVA MARKETA, ROZIKOVA VERONIKA, SUSTROVA TEREZA, FALDYNA MARTIN, LEVA LENKA, KAVANOVA LENKA
  view abstract fulltext ondrej.skultety@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of diet enriched with 2.5% fish oil (polyunsaturated fatty acids source) and the effect of diet enriched with 2.5% palm oil (saturated fatty acids source) to the overall health status of the model organism (Sus scrofa f. domestica). To determine the overall health status of the model organism, following hematological indicators of blood were analyzed: number of white blood cells, number of red blood cells, level of hemoglobin and hematocrit. There were non-significant differences in the investigated parameters of white and red blood cells, hemoglobine and hematocrit between groups of animals fed respective diets at day 29. No clinical signs of disease were observed during the entire experiment and hematological analysis gave results within the reference range, that gave evidence of the animals being in a good state of health. The level of oxidative stress of organism was measured via chemiluminiscence of leukocytes. There was no difference between fish oil diet and control group in the level of integral intensity of spontaneous CL as well as after stimulation by Zymozan. But the level of integral intensity of activated CL by PMA was increased by diet enriched with 2.5% fish oil compared with control group fed with diet enriched with 2.5% palm oil. Fish oil probably created oxidative stress in organism and antioxidants (in our case tocoferol) presented in feed were not able to avoid oxidative reaction of double bounds in the molecules of fish oil.

  
   
• EFFECTS OF FISH OIL DIET ON M1 AND M2 MONOCYTE DERIVED MACROPHAGES POLARIZATION
  SUSTROVA TEREZA, VICENOVA MONIKA, LEVA LENKA, ONDRACKOVA PETRA, FALDYNA MARTIN, KOMPRDA TOMAS, SKULTETY ONDREJ, SLADEK ZBYSEK
  view abstract fulltext terez.sustrova@seznam.cz
  

  Abstract: The aim of this study was demonstrated effect of fish oil diet on M1 and M2 polarization of macrophages. Six piglets were fed with standard diet supplemented with 2.5% fish oil containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and six piglets were fed with addition 2.5% palm oil as control group. We obtained mononuclear fraction of white blood cells from peripheral blood and we subsequently obtained CD14⁺ monocytes by magnetic separation. After 7 days of cultivation we obtained monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMF). It was measured genes expressions of pro-inflammatory soluble factors (IL-1β, TNF-α and MMP12) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10 and TIMP1) for detection of M1 or M2 polarization of MDMF. In the diet with fish oil, it showed a statistically significant increase in gene expression of MMP12 (P<0.01). It was measured genes expressions after stimulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In case of both diet (fish oil and palm oil) IL-1 gene expression was increased in contrast to HPRT-1 (housekeeping gen). It is obvious that MDMF were directed to M1 polarization in fish oil diet. After LPS stimulation were both group of MDMF polarized as M1 – pro-inflammatory.

  
   
• BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF BLOOD PLASMA AND FEED CONVERSION RATE DEPENDING ON THE DIET IN THE MODEL ORGANISM
  VALOVA MARKETA, KOMPRDA TOMAS, ROZIKOVA VERONIKA, SKULTETY ONDREJ, TRCKOVA MARTINA, GOPFERT EDUARD, LORENCOVA ALENA, LEVA LENKA, FALDYNA MARTIN
  view abstract fulltext market.valova@email.cz
  

  Abstract: The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of diet enriched with 2.5% fish oil (polyunsaturated fatty acids source) resp. 2.5% palm oil (saturated fatty acids source) during the feeding experiment to the overall health status of the model organism (Sus scrofa f. domestica). Biochemical indicators of blood (alanineaminotransferase, aspartateaminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, urea, total cholesterol, HDL-fraction and LDL-fraction) and feed conversion rate were analyzed to determine the overall health status of the experimental animal. Diet enriched with 2.5% fish oil significantly decreased (P<0.05) aspartateaminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase, but there was no change (P>0.05) in alanineaminotransferase. Diet enriched with 2.5% palm oil significantly decreased (P<0.05) aspartateaminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and also alanineaminotransferase. Both diets decreased (P<0.05) level of total cholesterol, although we expected a reduction only in the diet enriched with fish oil and increasing in the diet enriched with palm oil. The level of HDL-fraction was increased (P<0.05) in the diet enriched with palm oil, but not in the diet enriched with fish oil (P>0.05). The level of LDL-fraction was decreased (P<0.05) in both diets, which was expected in the diet enriched with fish oil, but not with palm oil. The level of urea was decreased (P<0.05) in both diets. The effect of diet enriched with 2.5% fish resp. palm oil to the feed consumption, body weight gains and feed conversion rate was tested - there were not significant differences (P>0.05) between two experimental diets. These are only preliminary results obtained during the experiment, which are so far unclear and ambiguous, therefore further research is needed in this area.

  
   
• A COMPARISON OF BIURET, LOWRY AND BRADFORD METHODS FOR MEASURING THE EGG’S PROTEINS
  VRSANSKA MARTINA, KUMBAR VOJTECH
  view abstract fulltext martina.vrsanska@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: Quantitation of the total protein content in a sample is a critical step in protein analysis. Molecular UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy is very efficient in quantitative analysis such as protein quantitation and has extensive applications in chemical and biochemical laboratories, medicine and food industry. Traditional spectroscopic methods are cheap, easy-working and the most common way to quantitate protein concentrations. This study compares Biuret, Lowry and Bradford methods for measuring hen albumen and egg yolk as protein samples. These methods are commonly used for determination proteins. The Biuret test uses as a reagent: Biuret reagent. For Lowry assay are used four reagents: reagent A, reagent B, reagent C and reagent D. For last method, Bradford, is used as a reagent Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250. The absorbance was measured at a wavelength of 750 nm for Lowry, 540 nm for Biuret and 595 nm for Bradford assay. The lowest content of proteins was analysed in albumen (0.706 mg·ml^-1) and egg yolk (0.996 mg·ml^-1) for Biuret method. According to the Lowry assay, was content of proteins in albumen 0.908 mg·ml^-1 and content in egg yolk was 1.003 mg·ml^-1. The highest content of proteins, which was analysed using method Bradford, was content of protein in albumen 1.125 mg·ml^-1 and content for egg yolk was 1.369 mg·ml^-1.

  
   

Plant Biology

• DETECTION OF PLANT STRESS BY CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE
  ABUSHAMSIYA KIFAH, PAVLU JAROSLAV
  view abstract fulltext Abushamsiya.kifah@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: Plant growth and development are dynamic processes which are continuously changed by environmental conditions. Agricultural crops are subjected to abiotic stresses, such as increasing temperature, water, salinity, heavy metals and ozone. Nowadays, modern non-invasive methods allow rapidly monitor and evaluate plant stress responses. Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging has become one of the most powerful and popular tools to track changes in the photosynthetic capacities of plants in response to abiotic and biotic factors. In contrast to traditional methods, chlorophyll fluorescence is less laborious, less time consuming and thereby highly useful for large scale screening experiments. Here, we show its application in the evaluation of Arabidopsis thaliana plants in response to various abiotic stressors.

  
   
• REDUCE THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF DROUGHT BY USING PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS IN WINTER WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.)
  BARANYIOVA IRENA, KLEM KAREL
  view abstract irenka2308@azet.sk
  

  Abstract: Growth regulators have previously been documented to increase yield and improve protein content of plants. This paper documents the effects of plant growth regulators and fungicide with regulatory effect on growth of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) when exposed to drought stress.  The drought stress was simulate by using experimental rain-out shelters for 4 weeks. Drought decreases the growth of plants, influences various physiological and biochemical processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, metabolism of nutrients. The field trials were carried out in a field experimental station in Žabčice (49°00'41.3"N) on winter wheat variety Matylda in 2014/2015. The experimental station is located in a warm area with prevailing continental climate (average annual rainfall 482 mm and temperature 9.3°C). The applications consisted of trinexapac-ethyl, chlormequat, ethephon and azoxystrobin, were made at optimum wheat growth stage for individual regulators between BBCH 31 and BBCH 59. We found a partial elimination of negative effects of drought stress by application of growth regulators. Application of growth regulators increased the spike productivity and CO₂ assimilation as well.

  
   
• REACTION OF SELECTED TYPES OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATOR FOR WATER STRESS ON WINTER WHEAT
  BARANYIOVA IRENA, KLEM KAREL
  view abstract fulltext irena.baranyiova@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: The aim of this work was to clarify the impacts of water stress and describe the effects of stress on winter wheat. We observed the morphological and growth changes, as well as changes in selected physiological functions of plants. In this work we address the possible adaptive or defence mechanisms of plants to water scarcity. The main objective of my work was to monitor the impact of plant growth regulators on physiological parameters under drought stress. The experiment was conducted on a field experimental station in Žabčice on variety Matylda. This area (Žabčice) is located in a warm area with prevailing continental climate, with average annual rainfall of 482 mm and an average annual temperature of 9.3°C. Within this experiment following growth regulators and fungicide with growth regulation effect were used: Retacel extra R68 (chlormequat chloride 720 g.l^-1), Moddus (trinexapac-ethyl 250 g.l^-1), Cerone (ethephon 480 g.l^-1), Amistar (strobilurin 250 g.l^-1). Approximately 2 and 4 weeks since the beginning of drought stress were carried out physiological measurements of chlorophyll and flavonoid content. From our preliminary results it can be concluded that under drought stress the decrease of chlorophyll content in leaves was found. Growth regulators CCC and trinexapac mitigate the decline of chlorophyll content caused by drought in the upper leaves but rather increased the impact in older (lower) leaves. Fungicide azoxystrobin alleviates the decrease of chlorophyll caused by drought in all leaves. The results show that the positive effect of regulators reducing the impact of drought on the parameter FV/FM was seen in all growth regulator treatments with the most significant effect of the active ingredience trinexapac-ethyl.

  
   
• ELUCIDATING PROTEIN POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS USING COMBINATION OF RECOMBINANT PROTEIN SPECTRAL LIBRARY AND IN SILICO DESIGNED SRM ANALYSIS
  BREINEKOVA ALZBETA, CERNA HANA, CERNY MARTIN
  view abstract fulltext breinekova.alzbeta@seznam.cz
  

  Abstract: Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of proteins represent fascinating extensions of the dynamic complexity of proteomes of living cells, but also present a difficult obstacle in the proteome analysis. Identification and mapping of PTMs in proteins have improved dramatically, but to comprehend complex mechanisms and biological functions, one must address also very low abundant proteins. Here, we demonstrate in silico derived analysis of a low abundant target of ubiquitination and the MS/MS identification of the predicted ubiquitination sites.

  
   
• SEED PROTEOME ANALYSIS AND PROTEOME DYNAMICS DURING SEED GERMINATION
  HABANOVA HANA
  view abstract fulltext habanova.h@seznam.cz
  

  Abstract: Despite the huge progress that has been made in the last decade, the molecular mechanisms regulating seed germination and early seed development are far from being resolved. Induction of metabolic genes involved in germination starts around 12 hours after imbibition. Thus, most of the early events are mediated by molecules stored in the seed during maturation and are not accessible to transcriptomic analyses. Proteome analysis has been extensively employed in the past but the coverage of observed seed proteome is relatively low even in present-day high-impact studies. Here, we analysed proteome of two model species, Arabidopsis thaliana and barley (Hordeum vulgare). We employed several complementary approaches to increase the proteome coverage and build a library suitable for targeted protein quantitation. The combination of fractionations and an alternative MS/MS data processing significantly improved our detection limits. Our results indicate that the seed proteome coverage is limited not only by extraction efficiency or depletion of abundant proteins, but also by an inadequate spectral data interpretation.

  
   
• POLYMORPHISM OF SPECIFIC miRNAs IN THE CONTEXT OF FLAX (LINUM USITATISSIMUM L.) GENOME ADAPTABILITY TO ABIOTIC STRESS
  HLAVACKOVA LUCIA, RAZNA KATARINA
  view abstract fulltext lucia.hlavackova1@gmail.com
  

  Abstract: Polymorphism of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) genome, genotype CDC Bethune, under nutrient stress in vitro, was analyzed by newly developed type of molecular markers based on microRNA molecules. Two types of stress-sensitive miRNAs, miR395 and miR399 were evaluated. The miR359 loci profile has shown to be more polymorphic and more specific in comparison to miR399 loci pattern. Our observations have supported the role of miRNA molecules as potential biomarkers of abiotic stress.

  
   
• CYTOKININ ACTION IN PLANT RESPONSE TO WATER-LIMITED CONDITIONS
  JOHNOVA PATRICIE
  view abstract patricie.johnova@email.cz
  

  Plants are sessile multicellular organisms, which must respond and acclimate to abiotic stimuli during their growth and development. One of the main serious abiotic stresses is drought stress caused by water scarcity. The negative impact of drought on crop yield is actually well known and it is estimated that drought along with high temperature significantly contribute to the highest yield losses each year. Thus, study of drought responses is necessary to understand in order to avoid the negative effects of water-limited conditions on plants and to enhance drought tolerance of crops. Recently, plant hormones cytokinins (CKs) were observed to be involved in plant response to several environmental stresses. Moreover, they are suggested to play a crucial and complex role in adaptation to abiotic stress conditions. In well controlled in vitro conditions, mannitol is commonly used to imitate the effect of drought due to a decrease of water potential and it allows to regulate the severity of stress by precise control of mannitol concentration.
  In this study, we investigated the effect of various amounts of mannitol in different developmental stages on Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. In addition, phenomic analysis of transgenic plants with inductively decreased or increased levels of endogenous CK as well as mutants in CK signalling, was performed. Obtained results provided us deeper insight into the physiological aspects of severity of drought stress and allowed us to outline the potential mechanism of plant response to water deficit considering cytokinin playing the major part.

  
   
• COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INCYDE AND TRANS-ZEATIN TREATMENT OF ARABIDOPSIS SEEDLINGS
  KOUKALOVA V., NOVAK J., HRADILOVA J., CERNY M., SPICHAL L., BRZOBOHATY B.
  view abstract vladena19@seznam.cz
  

  Cytokinins are plant hormones regulating many processes during plant life ranging from seed germination to plant senescence. Thus manipulation of cytokinin levels and their impact on plant vitality, production and ability to defend against stresses is in great interest of agriculture. In this work we focused on comparison of exogenous application trans-zeatin and inhibitor of the cytokinin degradation INCYDE (2-chloro-6-(3-methoxyphenyl)aminopurine) on Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. Clasissical cytokinin root essay revealed that INCYDE is as potent modulator of cytokinin responses as direct exogenous application of trans-zeatin. Except the strong effect on the primary root length seedlings treated with INCYDE and trans-zeatin showed increased level of flavonoids and root hairs formation in concentration-dependent manner. Analysis of genetically modified lines with abolished or improved canonical cytokining signalling via modulation of F-box proteins KMD suggest products of INCYDE action and trans-zeatin to use same cytokinin signalling pathway. Different apsects of action originating in different cytokinin population and distribution by diverse modulation of cytokinin level were tested on the level of gene expression and MS analysis separately in roots and shoots. Both analysis revealed differences in molecular action following trans-zeatin or INCYDE treatment.

  
   
• EFFECT OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI ON CHENOPODIUM QUINOA RESISTANCE TO INFECTION BY PERONOSPORA FARINOSA
  KUDLACEK TOMAS, GRANDA CRUZ LEITER, ROZSYPALEK JIRI
  view abstract fulltext kudlak@seznam.cz
  

  Abstract: Chenopodium quinoa Willd., known as quinoa, is a pseudocereal that has been cultivated in the Andean region for more than 4000 years. It has become very popular during last decades due to its high and balanced nutritional value. Quinoa grain has outstanding protein quality and contains a lot of vitamins and minerals. The grain protein is rich in amino acids like lysine and methionine that are deficient in cereals. Endophytic fungi live in various plant tissues without showing any symptoms. Some of them are known for their ability to induce resistance against various biotic and abiotic factors. This study is focused on thorough investigation of endophytic mycoflora associated with Chenopodium quinoa and its potential to induce systemic resistance against fungal pathogen Peronospora farinosa (Fr.) Fr.

  
   
• POD DEHISCENCE – ONE OF THE KEY PEA DOMESTICATION TRAITS
  LENKA PROCHAZKOVA, PAVEL HANACEK, LENKA SMUTNA, DENISA HAMPLOVA, ALES SOUKUP, PETR SMYKAL
  view abstract prochazkova.lenka88@seznam.cz
  

  Abstract: The change of wild plants into domesticated crops can be viewed as an accelerated evolution, the result of human and natural selection. Beginning of the domestication can be found in the neolithic era, when humans changed their way of life from gathering and hunting to that of agriculture and pastoralism. Domestication triggered changes representing adaptations to cultivation and human harvesting, accompanied by genetic changes. Common set of traits, named domestication syndrome has been recorded for unrelated crops. These changes include loss of germination inhibition and increase of seed size, linked to successful early growth of planted seeds as well as loss of pod dehiscence.

  In this work several pairs of wild versus domesticated forms were selected, together with primitive forms (landraces) representing transitory steps. These pairs as well as mapping populations of crosses were morphometrically and histologically characterized and  pod dehiscence phenotypes were assessed.

  The main objective of the study is to identify genetic, chemical and structural basis of pea pod dehiscence. Nighty nine F9 RILs of wild Pisum elatius VIR320 x cultivated pea WL1238 and 136 F5 RILs of JI64 P. elatius and JI92 landrace (primitive domesticate) were used for genetic mapping by using of DArT seq (Diversity Arrays Technology Ltd.). Based on previously published position of Dehiscence pod (Dpo1) locus we re-mapped the respective region. In addition to these genes used for „anchoring“ of the locus, several candidate genes were chosen based on published data. Modern analytical methods and anatomical analysis by using sections of fresh material for subsequent staining by 1% floroglucinol and toluidine blue O are used for detection of various cell wall compounds (extensins, polysaccharides). Transcription analysis by qRT-PCR and global MACE were used to identify differences in gene expression during pod maturation. By global MACE one main and several subsidiary candidate genes for pod dehiscence were identified. From the qRT-PCR analysis of five candidate genes potentially responsible for pod dehiscence two genes which seem to be associated with pod dehiscence in pea were identified.

  
   
• PHOTOSYNTHETIC PARAMETERS AND ABSCISIC ACID LEVELS OF PEA PLANTS INFLUENCED BY ORGANIC POLLUTANTS
  LONOVA KAMILA, PROCHAZKOVA LENKA, KLEMS MAREK
  view abstract fulltext lonova.k@seznam.cz
  

  Abstract: Growth and development of plants is affected by many biotic and abiotic factors. Current problem is the presence of environmental pollutants. Contamination of soil and air can cause stress reaction and some fatal changes in metabolism of affected plants. The important monitored pollutants include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and active substances of some herbicides. Pea plants (Pisum sativum L.) were cultivated in Richter nutrient solution (control) and two variants, nutrient solution with 5µM fluoranthene (FLT) or with 5µM flurochloridone (FLU). Changes of photosynthetic apparatus, especially in damaged leaves of treated plants were evaluated. The main differences between variants have been observed in the levels of photosynthetic pigments. Both substances (FLT and FLU) decreased the content of chlorophylls and carotenoids. But FLT treatment caused only slight decrease of the quantum yield of electron transport of PS II compared to control. Significant differences in the level of abscisic acid (ABA) in leaves between the variants and between the damaged leaves and green leaves were observed. The changes of pigment content and damage of photosynthetic apparatus were visible on the plants, especially on the colour of the leaves.        

  
   
• EFFECTS OF PROTEASOME INHIBITION ON PLANT GROWTH AND RESPONSE TO HORMONAL STIMULI
  LUKLOVA MARKETA
  view abstract LuklovaM@gmail.com
  

  The protein homeostasis in cell is maintained by transcriptional and translational  control but also through the level of targeted protein degradation. The most frequent way of protein degradation in eukaryotic cell requires Ubiquitin- 26 S- proteasome system, UPS. More than 6 % of the Arabidopsis genome encodes components of the ubiquitin conjugation system and, in  effect, most plant regulatory circuitry, and many steps of process execution, depend on ubiquitin modification. For example, in plant hormone signal transduction, proteasome has the key role for auxin, gibberellin, jasmonic acid or ethylene signaling. Here we employed a potent proteasome inhibitor and a transgenic Arabidopsis line expressing modified ubiquitin  to disrupt UPS. We follow its effects on plant physiology and analyze proteome- wide responses via LC-MS proteome profiling.

  
   
• COMPETITION FOR DOMINANCE BETWEEN AXILLARY BUDS RELEASED FROM DORMANCY IN PEA (PISUM SATIVUM L.) IS MEDIATED BY AUXIN FLOW
  MEDVEDOVA ZUZANA, BALLA JOZEF, KALOUSEK PETR, MATIJESCUKOVA NATALIE, FRIML JIRI, REINOHL VILEM, PROCHAZKA STANISLAV
  view abstract zuzana.medvedova@mendelu.cz
  

  Polar auxin transport (PAT) system is necessary to establish various developmental processes in plants and has an essential role also in apical dominance. Apical dominance is one of the fundamental developmental phenomena in plant biology determining the overall architecture of the aerial plant part. One of the latest theories explaining the mechanism of apical dominance is the theory of competitive canalization, by which canalization of auxin from the lateral auxin source is possible only if the primary source is removed or weakened. After decapitation axillary buds in pea (Pisum sativum L.) are activated and compete for the replacement of the lost apex as the dominant auxin source, which is accompanied with changes in PIN1 proteins localization. The result of this competition can be influenced by manipulation of auxin export from the axillary buds by auxin efflux inhibitor naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA), triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA), trafficking inhibitor brefeldin A (BFA) or protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (CHX). Moreover, interruption of auxin flow in the main stem by lateral wounds or pharmacologically by TIBA releases axillary buds from dormancy also in the presence of the apex. The obtained results support the model of competitive canalization of auxin.

  
   
• AN EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF DEMETHYLATING AGENTS TREATMENT USING TGS 16C NICOTIANA BENTHAMIANA REPORTER LINE
  MYNARZOVA ZUZANA, BARANEK MIROSLAV
  view abstract fulltext zuzana.mynarzova@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: Epigenetics is one of the fastest-growing areas of science and has now become a central issue in biological studies of development, stress impact and disease. DNA methylation provides a way how to alter the gene expression pattern without disrupting or modifying the genome. Here, we demonstrate the potential of a Nicotiana benthamiana TGS 16C reporter line in the signalization of demethylating events caused by the activity of the so-called demethylating agents. These compounds have the ability to block or to interfere with the activity of methyltransferases, enzymes responsible for maintaining methylation marks on the replicating sequences. This N. benthamiana line carries a green fluorescent protein gene (GFP), whose promoter had been methylated and is thus inactive. By treating such plants with compounds with demethylating properties, their demethylating potential can be estimated by the effect on the re-established GFP expression in plant tissues.

  
   
• CYTOKININ IMPACTS SULPHUR NUTRITIONAL STATUS INCLUDING GLUTATHIONE CONTENT IN ARABIDOPSIS
  PAVLU JAROSLAV, BRZOBOHATY BRETISLAV
  view abstract pavlu@mendelu.cz
  

  Sulphur is essential for plant growth and development as well as participating in plant defence against biotic and abiotic stresses. Sulphur acquisition and assimilation is, among others, under control of a phytohormone cytokinin, however, the cytokinin-regulation of sulphur nutrition remains elusive. To clarify the impact of cytokinin on sulphur nutrition in Arabidopsis plants we followed expression of sulphur-responsive genes and glutathione content as parameters indicative for sulphur nutritional status. Increased cytokinin levels evoked sulphur-deficiency-like symptoms expressed by an induction of representative sulphur-starvation-responsive genes including GAMMA-GLUTAMYL CYCLOTRANSFERASE 2;1 encoding the key enzyme of glutathione degradation. In accordance, the sulphur-responsive genes were down-regulated in response to cytokinin deficiency. Indeed, the sulfur-starvation-like response induced by high cytokinin levels was accompanied by a decrease in glutathione content while the cytokinin-deficiency resulted in an elevated glutathione content. The significant changes in sulphur-related gene expression and glutathione content were detectable within 24 h of cytokinin treatment and indicated a role of cytokinin in regulation of sulphur metabolism including remobilization of storage sulphur forms as glutathione. Besides its role as sulphur storage, glutathione is crucial for adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses. Thus, the cytokinin treatment could potentiate stress response. Our experiments with cadmium tolerance in Arabidopsis treated with exogenous cytokinin supports this theory. The role of glutathione in many cellular processes suggests that altered glutathione may function in crosstalk between cytokinin and hormonal and environmental signalling pathways.

  
   
• ANALYSIS OF MICROSATELLITE MARKERS IN HEMP (CANNABIS SATIVA L.)
  PRESINSZKA MARIA, STIASNA KLARA, VYHNANEK TOMAS,TROJAN VACLAV, MRKVICOVA EVA, HRIVNA LUDEK, HAVEL LADISLAV
  view abstract fulltext maria.presinszka@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: Cannabis sativa L. (hemp) is one of the oldest cultivated plants used around the world for diverse applications. 22 genotypes of hemp were analyzed with 16 SSR markers (8 SSR markers “ANUC” and 8 SSR markers “CAN”). Used primers amplified 76 different polymorphic alleles with an average number of 4.75 alleles per locus. The number of alleles ranged from 1 (CAN1690B) to 7 (ANUC204 and CAN0110). The diversity index (DI), the polymorphic information content (PIC) and the probability of identity (PI) were calculated. Values of diversity index ranged from 0 to 0.926 with an average 0.703, probability of identity from 0.004 to 1 with an average 0.141 and polymorphic information content from 0.926 to 0 with an average 0.688.Six SSR markers which reached values of DI and PIC higher than 0.8, can be used for studies of genetic variability. Dendrogram of similarity was constructed showing that genotype Cannabis indica 'Royal Caramel' is the most distant in our set of varieties. The industrial hemp varieties were separated from other genotypes. Results showed usefulness of microsatellite markers for detection of genetic diversity in Cannabis.

  
   
• THE INFLUENCE OF PATHOGENIC ORGANISMS ON GROWTH AND PRODUCTION OF CHENOPODIUM QUINOA WILLD. UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC
  ROZSYPALEK JIRI, GRANDA CRUZE LEITER, KUDLACEK TOMAS
  view abstract fulltext jiri.rozsypalek@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: In this study we assessed the influence pathogenic organisms on growth and production of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. under the conditions of the Czech Republic. This species has its origin in South America and recently has been introduced to Europe. There is considerable lack of information about its reactions to European pests and diseases that have the potential to threaten the yield of this perspective crop. The research was conducted on six genotypes of Ch. quinoa that can be grown in Europe. Three agro-technical methods were tested and their impact on the intensity of infection caused by pathogenic organisms was evaluated. The outcome of this experiment will be in-depth description of all pests and diseases of this crop and the assessment of their impact on Ch. quinoa growth, yield and nutritional value.

  
   
• ROLE OF ALTERED CYTOKININ LEVELS ON DEVELOPMENT OF EPIDERMAL LEAF CELLS
  SKALAK JAN
  view abstract skalak.jan7@gmail.com
  

  Plants are multicellular organisms, which control their growth and morphogenesis by several biological processes to produce mature organs, such as leaves. At the cellular level, the leaf development consists of two main processes, cell proliferation and cell expansion. Differences in the timing, the rate and the spacing of these developmental processes determine the final size and structure of the leaves. Cytokinins (CKs) play a key role during many aspects of plant development, including chloroplast and leaf development. Constitutive reduction of CK content or signaling reportedly yields smaller leaves due to a decrease in cell proliferation, similar to the well-described function of CKs in maintaining cell division in the shoot apical meristem (SAM). This work follows previous studies with deeper interest in effect of CKs on later leaf development. Our results confirm important role of CKs in plant development on proteome and metabolome level. Together with cellular analysis, positive stimulation of cell expansion seems to be controled by positive regulation of amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism in response to altered CK levels. Moreover, endoreduplication analysis has showed remarkable interconnection between enhanced cell expansion and cell aging/rejuvenation after elevation of endogenous CKs.

  
   
• ANALYSIS OF GENES FROM CANNABINOID BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAY
  STIASNA KLARA, PRESINSZKA MARIA, VYHNANEK TOMAS, TROJAN VACLAV, MRKVICOVA EVA, HRIVNA LUDEK, HAVEL LADISLAV
  view abstract fulltext klara.stiasna@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: Cannabis, or hemp, (Cannabis sativa L.) has been grown for thousands of years all around the world for its valuable traits in fabric making industry and traditional medicine. Today it is still considered as an important crop and medicinal plant. The most studied cannabinoids, secondary metabolites of genus Cannabis, are -9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). Ratio between THC and CBD content is relevant marker in differentiation of “fiber-type” and “drug-type”. Biosynthesis of THC and CBD is catalyzed by enzymes tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase and cannabidiolic acid synthase. Sequence heterogeneity of genes encoding these enzymes in six varieties of industrial hemp, namely ‘Finola’, ‘Tiborszálási’, ‘Tisza’, ‘Kompolti’, ‘Kompolti hybrid TC’ and ‘Carmagnola’, was studied. Partial sequences of cannabidiolic acid synthase gene with numerous indels and single nucleotide polymorphisms were detected. Similar situation was observed in full-length tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase sequences. According to PCR marker, three tested varieties were indicated as potentially rich in THC content, what will be verified by HPLC in future.

  
   
• CYTOKININ ACTION IN SULPHUR NUTRITION-RELATED RESPONSES IN ARABIDOPSIS
  STURIKOVÁ HELENA, PAVLU JAROSLAV, BRZOBOHATY BRETISLAV
  view abstract h.sturikova@email.cz
  

  Sulphur is an essential macroelement for plants and fulfills many different functions in plant growth, development, and metabolism. Sulphur deficiency stress induces a number of adaptive responses, which must be coordinated. Phytohormone cytokinin has been previously shown to regulate sulphur aquisition and utilization, however, the cytokinin-regulation of sulphur nutrition remains elusive. In this study, we report that cytokinin induces a sulphur starvation-like gene expression which is accompanied by a decrease in the key sulphur-containing compound glutathione. Further, we sought to elucidate the theory that sulphur starvation-responses include altered cytokinin status to coordinate developmental and/or metabolic adaptations. Accordingly, we found that cytokinin status is decreased in sulphur starved roots and thus we examined the role of cytokinin in regulation of root growth upon sulphur starvation. Arabidopsis plants deficient in cytokinin signalling showed disrupted root elongation in response to sulphur starvation and, unexpectedly, the root elongation in response to sulphur starvation was further stimulated by a low cytokinin concentration. The complex role of cytokinin in sulphur nutrition was further indicated in cytokinin signalling-deficient plants. These have a higher level of glutathione compared to wild-type, but its depletion in response to sulphur starvation is even more significant. Altogether, our results suggest that cytokinins play important part in nutritional sulphur homeostasis control.

  
   

Animal Biology

• RAPID IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIA BY BIOBARCODE ASSAY
  CIHALOVA KRISTYNA, DOSTALOVA SIMONA, HEGEROVA DAGMAR, SKALICKOVA SYLVIE, VACULOVICOVA MARKETA, KIZEK RENE, KOPEL PAVEL
  view abstract fulltext kriki.cihalova@seznam.cz
  

  Abstract: Presence of bacteria with antibiotic resistance is becoming a very large problem throughout the world. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a dangerous pathogen resistant to β-lactam antibiotics with biofilm-formation ability. Because of an increasing resistance of bacterial species to ATBs, it is necessary to develop new methods for rapid identification of bacteria. Biobarcode assay provides a rapid detection of the antigen presence in the sample. Detection is based on the antibody-antigen interaction. The antibodies were bound to magnetic and non-magnetic particles. Next, immunoglobulin G (IgG) was bounded to magnetic particles. The non-magnetic particles were bound with anti-plasminogen antibody that is a specific antigen for MRSA as well as 20 bp oligonucleotides for detection. The first step involved determination of binding capacity of antibodies for different bacteria by ELISA. The IgG were able to bind 4.6 .10⁴ ± 8% CFU .ml^-1 of MRSA, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis and the anti-plasminogen antibody (anti-Pls) was specific for MRSA only with the binding capacity of 5 .10³ CFU .ml^-1. After binding of antibodies to particles, the bacterial strain MRSA was captured by these antibody-modified particles and the detection oligonucleotide was released and determined by electrochemical method. The results suggest that the IgG is non-specific for MRSA while specificity of the anti-plasmin antibody for MRSA was confirmed. In this study, we developed a method for rapid detection of MRSA in the pooled sample.

  
   
• MALDI-TOF MASS SPECTROMETRY IMAGING OF METALLOTHIONEIN IN CHICKEN EMBRYO
  GURAN ROMAN, BLAZKOVA IVA, KOMINKOVA MARKETA, ZITKA ONDREJ, KIZEK RENE, ADAM VOJTECH
  view abstract fulltext r.guran@email.cz
  

  In last decades the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-TOF MSI) has become an outstanding tool for detecting spatial distribution of different biomarkers in a variety of tissue samples. It utilizes the benefits of MALDI-TOF technique, which are rapid measurements of all mass spectra in a wide mass range and detection of analytes molecular weights. Moreover, the in situ identification of targeted biomarkers can be performed too. In our study, we focused on detection of metallothionein (MT) in chicken embryo. Metallothioneins are low-molecular weight proteins connected with cancer development and protection of organism against environmental pollution. Their main functions are detoxification of heavy metals, maintaining ion homeostasis and protection against the oxidative stress. According to our knowledge, nobody has done MALDI-TOF MSI of MT so far. Therefore, we have selected MT as our studied analyte not only because of this fact but also because a part of team IGA project is aimed on MT.

  
   
• POLYMORPHISMS IN PLASMA MEMBRANE CALCIUM-TRANSPORTING ATPASE 1 (ATP2B1) GENE IN HENS
  HORECKA ELISKA, HORECKY CENEK, KOVARIKOVA LENKA, MUSILOVA ANNA, KNOLL ALES, PAVLIK ALES
  view abstract fulltext eliska.horecka@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: Bone fragility in caged laying hens is a severe welfare problem. This fragility has been attributed to osteoporosis, which etiology is multifactorial in birds, as well as in humans, with genetic, environmental, and nutritional components. Plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 1 gene (ATP2B1) is in hens located on chromosome 1, region 43 273 706 – 43 305 815 bp. This gene has 21 exons, three of them were genotyped. In this study we genotyped 110 hens of ISA BROWN hybrids. Genotypes of ATP2B1 gene were determined using PCR-RFLP in exons 10 and 12. Genotypes of two SNPs in exon 8 were determined using sequencing. In our group of animals, only allele without deletion in exon 10 and only allele A in exon 12 was found. In exon 8 subsequent genotypes were detected: in C61Tlocus CC and TT; in C80T locus CC, CT and TT.

  
   
• EXTENSION OF THE MICROSATELLITE PANEL FOR DIVERSITY STUDIES IN THE EQUINE Ly49 GENES REGION
  HORECKY CENEK, HORECKA ELISKA, FUTAS JAN, JANOVA EVA, HORIN PETR, KNOLL ALES
  view abstract fulltext cool.czenda@gmail.com
  

  Abstract: The genetic variability and different expression of genes for receptors underlies functional variability of individual natural killer cells (NK). Like in the mouse model, the Ly49 receptors on the horse NK cells are believed to bind MHC class I molecules of target cells. Six Ly49 genes constitute a gene family located on the horse chromosome 6, between 38 200 Kbp – 38 520 Kbp. Immune-response genes represent a functionally important region of the vertebrate genome subject to selection pressure. NK cells are involved in the antigen recognition process through their highly variable receptors. Our work may contribute to better estimating the genetic diversity of this functionally important region. In this work, we identified and genotyped three new polymorphic microsatellite markers that expand the original panel of microsatellites and are located in the Ly49 region. This methodology will be used for assessment genetic diversity and association analyses with selected diseases of horses.

  
   
• EFFECT OF EXTRUDED AND NO EXTRUDED SOYBEANS SUPPLEMENTS IN FODDER ON ANTIOXIDANT LIVER ACTIVITY IN BROILERS
  KABOURKOVA ELISKA, LICHOVNIKOVA MARTINA, ADAM VOJTECH
  view abstract fulltext eliska.kabourkova@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: The aim of the trial was to evaluate the effect of extruded and no extruded soybeans substitute of soybean meal and soybean oil in fodder on the broiler liver antioxidant activity. Metallothionein was used to measure oxidative stress in liver. There were used the substitute of 15% soybean meal and soybean oil by extruded soybeans, the substitute of 10% soybean meal and soybean oil by extruded soybeans and  the substitute of 10% soybean meal and soybean oil by no extruded soybeans of a feed ration from 10 to 35 day of age. The trial was carried out on the 156 female chickens Ross 308. The chickens were kept in the double-floor cage technology. All of them were fed by the same complete feed mixture BR1 (Broiler No. 1) for the first 10 days. After 10 days of age, the birds were randomly allocated to 12 cages in both tiers corresponding to 4 dietary treatments with three replicates of each treatment. Each group comprised 3 cages containing 13 broilers each. The dietary treatments included a control diet and the diets containing 15% extruded soybean substitute, 10% extruded soybean substitute and 10% no extruded soybean substitute of soybean meal and soybean oil with the other components remaining the same as in the control diet. The level of the metallothionein content was determined in samples obtained from 35 days old animals by adsorptive transfer stripping differential pulse voltammetry. The fodder substitute of the extruded and no extruded soybeans had significant (P<0.05) effect on the level of the metallothionein level in the liver of the broiler chickens.

  The highest level of the metallothionein was measured in the 10% substitute of extruded soybeans. The lowest level of metallothionein level was measured in the control group. The difference found was significant (P<0.05).

  
   
• EFFECT OF PC-3 PROSTATE CANCER CELL LINE SUPERNATANT ON APOPTOSIS IN MACROPHAGES
  MAZALOVA LENKA, SLADEK ZBYSEK
  view abstract fulltext lenka.mazalova@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: Particular types of cell death, for example apoptosis, play important role in metastatic processes. Apoptosis is programmed cell death, which is characterised by specific morphological changes. In this study we aimed on topic of affecting of supernatant from prostate cancer cell line PC-3 on a healthy cells of immune system, macrophages concretely. Peripheral blood monocytes were cultivated for 7 days to macrophages. Macrophages were stimulated for 24 hours by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cultivated with supernatant for another 24 hours. Preparations were prepared and analysed by light microscopy. Macrophages with normal morphology show the largest rate in our experiment. In samples macrophages + supernatant there was an increase mainly in late stage of apoptosis. A lot of observed cells showed feature of rupture and spillage of cell contents into the microenvironment. In samples macrophages + supernatant + LPS there is a noticeable decline in the incidence of normal morphology compared to the control. This means that effect of cancer cells and their supernatants on macrophages can induce apoptosis on macrophages and thus prevent proper course of immune responses.

  
   
• EFFECT OF MELITTIN ON INFLUENZA-INFECTED CHICKEN EMBRYOS
  MICHALEK PETR, ZITKA ONDREJ, KREJCOVA LUDMILA, PRIDAL ANTONIN, KOMINKOVA MARKETA, GURAN ROMAN, MILOSAVLJEVIC VEDRAN, KOPEL PAVEL, HEGER ZBYNEK, ADAM VOJTECH, KIZEK RENE
  view abstract fulltext petrmichalek85@gmail.com
  

  Abstract: Antimicrobial peptides are peptides isolated from a wide range of organisms that exert microbicidal activity against a wide spectrum of targets, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. These peptides are aimed directly on the phospholipid bilayer and do not target on the cellular or metabolic activities of the cells as antibiotics and other drugs do. But thanks to many vital proteins associated with the membrane, these peptides can also influence these structures and therefore facilitate and accelerate their death. Melittin is a well-characterized pore-forming lytic amphiphilic peptide (consisting of 26 amino acids) found in bee venom. The amphiphilic property of this peptide makes it water-soluble and yet it spontaneously associates with natural and artificial membranes. This integration leads to the distortion and permeabilization of the membrane. In this study melittin has been utilized to study antiviral properties against influenza A virus. Melittin was used in the mixture with the influenza A virus and together were inoculated into chicken embryo. Living conditions were monitored during infection. After death of chicken, biochemistry of allantoic fluid was performed.

  
   
• THE EFFECT OF LIGHT INTENSITY UPON HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF BROWN RATS’ BLOOD
  PECINOVA HANA, BROUSKOVA ELISKA, KVASNOVSKY MICHAL, HODULIKOVA LUCIA, HAVLICEK ZDENEK
  view abstract fulltext hana.pecinova@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: The main idea of this topic is to assess the effect of light intensity upon selected elements of animals’ blood (brown rat) as the influence of day and night cycles, or any other variations in light intensity affecting an organism have been proven by several studies. Three groups of animals have been observed in terms of an impact of varying light intensity (increased intensity, natural intensity and darkness). Obtained blood samples served for determining the amount of erythrocytes and hemoglobin, share of hematocrit and the number of leukocytes. Regarding erythrocytes, no significant increase that could be caused by heightened light intensity has been noticed. On the other hand, zero intensity has reduced the amount of erythrocytes down to 7.09 T·l^-1 (compared to 8.29 T·l^-1 when the intensity level got higher). The highest hemoglobin levels (172.68 g·l^-1) as well as the amount of leukocytes (9.7 g·l^-1) have been observed upon the control group. Heightened light intensity has not taken any effect on increased levels of blood parameters, although all observed parameters went down as a result of total lack of light (i.e. darkness).

  
   
• DETECTION OF TET GENES IN TETRACYCLINE RESISTANT MASTITIS PATHOGENS
  PYATOV VLADIMIR
  view abstract pyatov.vladimir@gmail.com
  

  The abundant use of antibiotics for the treatment of human and animal diseases as well as for
  prophylaxis has contributed to the spread of antimicrobial resistance genes among bacteria.
  This leads to microorganisms being non-sensitive to treatment with the corresponding
  antibiotics. Tetracycline belongs to the broad-spectrum antibiotics and is widely used in
  animal husbandry.
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of different tetracycline resistance genes
  (tet genes) in pathogens causing mastitis. Five of the most common pathogens, S.uberis,
  S.aureus, E.coli, S.agalactiae and S.dysgalactiae were chosen and a total of 30 samples was
  analysed in order to investigate the abundance and correlation of various tet genes.

  
   
• STEAROYL-COA DESATURASE GENE AND HIS ASSOCIATION WITH FATTY ACIDS IN BEEF
  SCHMIDTOVA ANNA, KNOLL ALES
  view abstract fulltext anna.schmidtova@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: The quality of meat in cattle is influenced by many genes; one of them is SCD1 gene (stearoyl-CoA desaturase). This gene is associated with composition of fatty acids in meat and milk. In this study, the total of 260 bulls of Czech Fleckvieh breed were genotyped using the PCR-RFLP method. The frequencies of alleles and genotypes were determined in this population and the association analysis between fatty acids in fat extracted from musculus longissimus dorsi and genotypes was performed. Statistically significant (p˂0.0001) association between genotypes and myristoleic acid (C14:1) was found. CC genotype had higher median value. No other associations were found.

  
   
• EFFECTS OF PROBIOTIC ON MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN PORCINE MACROPHAGES DURING IN VITRO CULTIVATION
  SUSTROVA TEREZA, LEVA LENKA, ONDRACKOVA PETRA, KOLAROVA MIROSLAVA, SLADEK ZBYSEK
  view abstract fulltext tereza.sustrova@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: Nowadays, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Enterococcus faecium are frequently used probiotics in porcine nutrition. The probiotics-immunobiotics positively influence function of gastrointestinal tract and can also modulate function of immune system. The probiotics interact with immune cells as macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells or other immune cells and stimulate them to produce cytokines or to enhance phagocytosis. The aim of this study was to determine whether interactions of probiotics with porcine monocyte derived macrophages (MDMF) lead to structural changes of these cells during in vitro cultivation. We used the light microscopy and our findings suggest that probiotics affected the structural changes of porcine MDMF. Part of MDMF underwent apoptosis or necrosis and it was described the different stadia leading to the cell death. In some MDMF numerous vacuoles are accumulated in cytoplasm. The most pronounced structural changes of MDMF were caused by Enterococcus faecium. Finally, interactions of probiotics with MDMF were associated with phagocytosis all used probiotics.

  
   
• THE EFFECT OF PROBIOTICS ON THE VIABILITY OF THE PORCINE AND HUMAN MONOCYTES
  VEJRYCHOVA SARKA, SUSTROVA TEREZA, SLADEK ZBYSEK
  view abstract fulltext sarka.vejrychova@seznam.cz
  

  Abstract: The aim of this study was evaluate the effect of probiotics on the viability of the cells of immune system. For experiment we have chosen the monocytes, which were isolated from porcine and human blood. The population of monocytes was cultivated in vitro conditions with probiotics strains such as Bifidobacterium bifidum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Enterococcus faecium. The monocytes were incubated without (control sample) or with probiotics for 2 and 4 hours. The percentage of apoptosis and necrosis of monocytes was analysed by flow cytometry. The results have shown statistically significant differences in proportion of porcine apoptotic monocytes cultivated with Bifidobacterium bifidum. Enterococcus faecium showed statistically significant effect on necrosis of porcine monocytes. The statistically significant differences in proportion of human apoptotic monocytes were observed in cultivation with Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Enterococcus faecium andthe highest percentage of necrotic cells was seen in human monocytes cultivated with Bifidobacterium bifidum. It is obvious that these selected strains of probiotics had immunomodulatory effect on immune cells and induced apoptosis and necrosis of porcine and human monocytes in vitro condition.

  
   
• DISTRIBUTION OF MERCURY IN TISSUES OF THE COMMON CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO L.)
  VICAROVA PETRA, PELCOVA PAVLINA, KLECKEROVA ANDREA, MARES JAN, KOPP RADOVAN, POSTULKOVA EVA, DOCEKALOVA HANA
  view abstract fulltext petra.vicarova@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: The aim of the experiment was to determine the distribution of mercury in ten selected tissues (muscle, skin, fish scales, biliary vesicle, brain, eyes, kidneys, spleen, liver and gills) of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Carp fingerlings weighed 47.67 ± 4.61 g. Carps were exposed to increasing concentrations of mercury (0 µg.l^-1 (control), 0.5 µg.l^-1, 1.5 µg.l^-1 and 3.0 µg.l^-1) in fish tanks for 14 days. The concentrations of mercury in fish tanks were continuously monitored and in case of a change they were adjusted to an acceptable value. The fish were not fed during the experiment and mercury got accumulated in fish tissues from fish tank water only. Five fish were collected on the 0^th, 4^th, 9^th and 14^th day of experiment from each concentration for the analysis of total mercury content in selected tissues. Total mercury content in water and in selected tissues was determined by the atomic absorption spectrometer AMA 254. The increase of mercury in all tested tissues was not observed in the control group during the 14-day experiment. The time linear increase of mercury content was observed in the muscles, skin, fish scales, biliary vesicle, eyes, kidneys, spleen and gills in all three mercury concentrations under testing. The lowest mercury concentrations were determined in the control group in the range of 0.004 ̶ 0.052 mg.kg^-1. Compared to this group, the highest concentration of mercury was found in kidneys (for fish tank with 0.5 μg.l^-1 the mercury concentration was 1.405 ± 0.300 mg.kg^-1, for fish tank with 1.5 μg.l^-1 the mercury concentration was  5.537 ± 0.027 mg.kg^-1 and for fish tank with 3.0 μg.l^-1 the mercury concentration was 25.209 ± 2.152 mg.kg^-1 on day 14 of the experiment).

  
   

Techniques and Technology

• BIOGAS DESULPHURISATION METHODS
  CHOVANEC JAN, VITEZ TOMAS, KUDELKA JAN
  view abstract fulltext xchovan7@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: The article describes the issue of reducing the amount of hydrogen sulphide in the biogas. The described device utilizes chemisorption–biological principle disengagement H₂S from biogas. The aim was to verify the functionality of the device. The column is able to effectively reduce amount of hydrogen sulphide in the biogas, but with decreasing efficiency depending on the amount of processed biogas. The technology used in the experiment does not affect the concentration of other components of biogas.

  
   
• OPERATING DIAGNOSTICS OF BIOGAS PLANTS
  DOKULILOVA TEREZA, GERSL MILAN, SOTNAR MARTIN
  view abstract fulltext xdokuli3@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: This research deals with characteristics of processed organic material and its changes during anaerobic fermentation. Laboratory testing of anaerobic fermentation was performed in the Nationwide reference laboratory of biogas transformation at the Mendel University in Brno. The test took 26 days. During this period the composition and quantity of the biogas, conductivity, redox potential, pH, dry matter and total organic carbon in the processed material has been monitored. Determination of dry matter and total organic carbon proved to be unsuitable operating parameters for the diagnosis of biogas plants due to complicated sampling. The quantity of generated biogas, content methane in the biogas, conductivity, redox potential and pH of processed material are parameters which could provide descriptive information about process of anaerobic digestion and which can be useful for operational diagnostics of biogas plants. These parameters are closely related. For example development of redox potential correlates directly with the methane content in the biogas. And change of pH is in inverse proportion to development of redox potential. The conductivity during anaerobic fermentation gradually rose while the pH decreased. On the other hand determination of dry matter and total organic carbon proved to be unsuitable operating parameters for the diagnosis of biogas plants due to complicated sampling.

  
   
• EVALUATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT TIRES BY VINEYEARD TRACTOR ON SOIL COMPACTION
  FERIANC JURAJ, BURG PATRIK
  view abstract xferianc@node.mendelu.cz
  

  Abstrakt: The paper deals with simulation evaluation compressive stress and pressure distribution in the rail track produced vineyard tractor New Holland TN 75 V with four different types of tires at the same pressure and load. The analysis carried out using the TASC (Tyres/Tracks and Soil Compaction) showed none of the evaluated variant of tires effect on crossing the border malicious consolidation soil. From the viewpoint of eliminating unwanted transmission of the pressure in the soil is an optimal use of the tire with the designation 340/85 R 28 and 360/70 R 28. The least suitable tires are 280/70 R 16.

  
   
• ENERGY AND MELT FLOW LIMITATION OF LASER CUTTING
  HUDECEK PAVEL
  view abstract hudecek.p@seznam.cz
  

  Laser technology is a very flexible technology for process parts in most materials. Laser material processing for industrial manufacturing applications is today a widely spread procedure for welding, cutting, marking and micro-machining of metal and plastic parts and components. To engage and support this large mass-production industry of laser cutting, a lot of new technology and dry-process using lasers were and are being actively developed. Fundamentally, industrial laser cutting or other applications on industry should satisfy the four key practical application issues including “Quality or Performance”, “Throughput or Speed”, “Cost or Total Ownership Cost”, and “Reliability”. Laser requires for examples several complicated physical factors to be resolved including die strength to be enable good wire-bonding and survival of severe cycling test, clean cutting wall surface, good cutting of direct attach film, and proper speed of cutting for achieving economy of throughput. Some example of maximum cutting rate, wherewith is normally limited laser energy, cutting speed is depend on type laser, different of cutting with one laser beam and beam pattern and applied laser power / material thickness will be introduced in this paper.

  
   
• TECHNOLOGICAL LINE FOR TREATMENT OF BIODEGRADABLE WASTE INTO SOLID BIOFUEL USING LOW-POTENTIAL HEAT OF FERMENTATION - CONCLUSIONS AFTER FIRST YEAR OF DEVELOPMENT
  JOHN JAKUB, JALOVECKY JIRI, KOIS JIRI, KRESA JAKUB, KOTOVICOVA JANA
  view abstract john@via-alta.cz
  

  Abstract: Biodegradable materials, mainly biodegradable waste is valuable but often unappreciated source of energy. Conversion into solid biofuel is one of very promising directions of research and development to uncover this potential. MULTIFERM project aims to construction of prototype of complex technology line for production of solid biofuel from bio-waste aiming to minimisation or zero need of additional energy using heat production of aerobic fermentation processes. The article describes the progress and conclusions after first year of development.

  
   
• BINDING CONDITION FOR MULTIPLE CUT IN A DRUM MOWER
  KASPAR VACLAV, BARTON STANISLAV, PETRIK MICHAL
  view abstract fulltext xkaspar4@node.mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: The present paper describes the kinematics of the mowing mechanism of a conventional drum mower equipped with two blades. It deals with the binding relation between angular velocity of the disc rotation and forward speed, so that the mowed area is cut at least twice while making maximum use of the entirety of the blade length. The article presents a corresponding general mathematical relation fulfilling this condition. If the condition is met, no uncut areas can remain even if one of the blades impacts an obstacle.

  
   
• TESTING OF CONTROL UNITS FOR THE APPLICATION OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS IN ON-BOARD VEHICLE DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEMS
  MAREK VIT, CUPERA JIRI
  view abstract fulltext vit.marek146@gmail.com
  

  Abstract: The article describes the testing of control units used in passenger cars. The article is divided into several sections. The first section is focused on theory and provides basic information about the control units structure. Control unit from BOSCH company was chosen for this project. Further in the section, testing software by HR Carsoft s.r.o. is described. The testing processes outside the vehicle are described afterwards. The practical section lists all the requisites for testing processes outside the vehicle. The final section discusses a device that is designed to meet the goals of the project. The basic information about device is provided in the text. The results confirm the proper procedure for testing control units of passenger cars.

  
   
• ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE OPERATION OF MACHINERY WHEN MAINTINING GRASS AREAS
  MASAN VLADIMIR, DUSEK MARTIN
  view abstract xmasan@node.mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: Assessments performed in the Czech Republic and abroad point to a decrease in quality of urban greenery due to the lack of regular maintenance. One of the reasons is the failure to financially secure subsequent maintenance for newly started projects or the lack of information regarding the difficulty and the extent of the maintenance required for future greenery. Effective use of funds can only be made on the basis of realistic determination of costs supported by the knowledge of factors affecting maintenance efficiency. Greenery and lawn maintenance in particular utilizes a wide variety of machinery. Its operation constitutes the majority of the maintenance costs. The present article focuses on the assessment of factors affecting the operation of machinery, and the evaluation of their influence on the efficiency achieved in the specific circumstances.

  
   
• EFFECT OF CORROSION PROCESS ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND ACOUSTIC EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF AL/ZINC-COATED STEEL WELDED BY COLD METAL TRANSFER
  PIYAPONG SRIWONGRAS, PETR DOSTAL
  view abstract fulltext petr.dostal@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: The objective of present article is to study mechanical properties and acoustic emission (AE) characteristics occurring in cold metal transfer (CMT)-welded specimens subjected to corrosion process and tensile testing. In this experiment, to provide test specimens, Al alloy AlMg3 sheets and zinc-coated steel DX51D sheets were joined by using CMT welding with AlSi5 as filler material. The experiment was divided into two parts; first is studying AE signals detected from test specimens being under salt-spray testing, and second part is conducting tensile testing of both corrosive CMT-welded specimens and non-corrosive CMT-specimens with AE technique. From the experimental results, it found that corrosion process appearing on test specimens clearly decreased the strength of test specimens. Moreover, using AE technique was able to display AE signals generated by test specimens during tensile testing interestingly. Therefore, examining the quality of CMT weldment by using AE method is one of interesting technique for improving the manufacturing process in industrial sections effectively and safely.

  
   
• MONITORING OF WATER STRESS CONDITION IN MAIZE BY USING ACOUSTIC EMISSION TECHNIQUE
  PIYAPONG SRIWONGRAS, PETR DOSTAL
  view abstract fulltext petr.dostal@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: Utilization of acoustic emission (AE) method for understanding the plant behavior responding to the variation of environmental conditions is carried out in this research. The aim of experiment is to monitor AE signals generated by plant for searching the feasibility that these AE signals can describe the responsibility of plant while being under both water-stressed and well-watered conditions. In this experiment, maize was selected to be test plant and was installed with an AE sensor at position of its stem to acquire AE signals from plant growing in greenhouse. Before experimenting, a test plant was provided for being well-watered condition. After conducting experiment for 7 days, the experimental results indicated that great amounts of values of AE signal parameters occurred during the daytime whereas small amounts of values of AE signal parameters appeared during night and the variation of all environmental parameter values were associated with the change of AE values interestingly. As these results, AE signals generated by test maize is capable of indicating its stress condition. Thus, using of AE method for monitoring the plant is considerably interested as modern apparatus for increasing productivity, especially in agricultural field.

  
   
• HEATING CONTROL SYSTEM FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOGAS FERMENTORS
  ROBERT ROUS, MARTIN SOTNAR, JAN MARECEK
  view abstract fulltext robert.rous@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: Proper temperature is needed to assure the right conditions for microorganisms producing the biogas. Mesophilic temperature range is 30–35°C. The goal was to design a device that can log the temperature and control the heating bath temperature at desired level with maximum setpoint overshoot of 0.5°C and temperature stability of ±0.2°C. The system identification was used to design and simulate control algorithm (PSD) of the heater in the Matlab Simulink software.

  
   
• ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION OF JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE (HELIANTHUS TUBEROSUS)
  SOTNAR MARTIN, VITEZ TOMAS, KOUTNY TOMAS
  view abstract fulltext martin.sotnar@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: The current trend in the field of biogas is to build smaller plants than before. Linked to this is the possibility of using smaller agricultural areas in less accessible locales with low-quality soil. Agricultural biogas plants utilize mostly corn silage. For maize the specific production of biogas can be around 0.500–0.550 m³·kg^-1 and the methane content in the material is more than 55%. In these areas, it is necessary to consider other crops, which would be suitable to worse conditions. One option is the Jerusalem artichoke, which might yield biogas in a manner comparable with maize. The average production of biogas from the Jerusalem artichoke silage was 0.437 m³·kg^-1, the average concentration of methane was 53.00%.

  To compare the quantity and quality of biogas from the Jerusalem artichoke, the Nation-wide Reference Laboratory of Biogas Transformations at Mendel University has carried out anaerobic fermentation tests.

  
   
• THE STRENGTH MONITORING OF HEN EGGS BY THE ACOUSTIC EMISSION METHOD
  SUSTR MICHAL, ZACAL JAROSLAV, DOSTAL PETR, KUMBAR VOJTECH, NEDOMOVA SARKA
  view abstract fulltext michal.sustr@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: The article deals with monitoring of hen eggshells strength by the acoustic emission method. The subject of this research is diffusion and formation of micro fissures. These egg´s micro fissures rise by weighting of eggshells samples through the use of compression force between two platens. The main purpose is focused on the possibilities of the acoustic emission usage for maximal eggshells strength prediction. Furthermore, the experimental measurement is focused on suitable placement and gripping of acoustic emission sensor.

  
   
• THE CORROSION RESISTIVITY MONITORING OF MAGNESIUM ALLOY BY THE ACOUSTIC EMISSION
  SUSTR MICHAL, ZACAL JAROSLAV, DOSTAL PETR, SRIWONGRAS PIYAPONG
  view abstract fulltext michal.sustr@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: The article deals with the corrosion resistivity monitoring of magnesium alloy AZ31B-H24 by the acoustic emission method. The subject of this article is the corrosion resistivity of the magnesium alloy exposed to corrosion environment NaCl. Magnesium alloys are very useful in automotive and other sectors including agriculture. For finding a new possibilities for using this material in different applications is necessary to measure the mechanical and corrosion properties of the material. The aim of this work is to find the solution of effective measurement of corrosion degradation of magnesium alloy. For this approach is used the acoustic emission testing method. By means of this technology there is found the system of analyzing the corrosion progress. The article describes the methodology of installation including protection of sensor, assessment of results from specialized software and corrosion effects on measured material.

  
   
• THE ENGINE COMBUSTION ANALYSIS OF NEWLY DEVELOPING DIESEL TRACTOR ENGINE ZETOR Z1727 WITH COMMON-RAIL SYSTEM IN A FIRST FIRING WEEK
  TUNKA LUKAS, CUPERA JIRI
  view abstract fulltext lukas.tunka@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: This article focuses on the research and development of diesel tractor engines. It deals with high pressure indication of newly developing tractor engine Zetor Z1727 with common-rail injection. The main goal is determination of development of combustion pressure in a cylinder, because knowledge of this parameter is very important for the basic engine adjustment. This paper provides also many evaluations of influences. It is the dependency of rail pressure and injection timing on the most problematical nitrogen oxides emissions and opacity, cylinder pressure variation and combustion noise level. The correct adjustment of those variables is the key to achieve optimal engine parameters, which also proved this measurement. Common-rail ECU has about 16 000 variables. There is a possibility to change almost everything and set many adjustments. This will be the subject of further research, because these data are only from measurement in first firing week and only from the first cylinder.

  
   
• THE EFFECT OF CHANGES PID SETTING REGULATION OF THE DRIVE VACUUM PUMP OF MILKING MACHINES ON VACUUM STABILITY
  VRBA MARTIN, FRYC JIRI, KUKLA RADOVAN,LOS JOSEF
  view abstract vrba.m@email.cz
  

  Abstract: On the laboratory equipment was conducted measuring of vacuum fluctuations of milking machine. Regulation of the vacuum has been using frequency converter and followed the effect of different settings of PID control. The performed measurements was confirmed that when using the frequency converter for vacuum regulating of the milking machine can be achieved vacuum fluctuations of less than 2 kPa. Was found setting PID control, which gave better results than the factory settings.

  
   
• ACOUSTIC EMISSION DURING TENSILE TESTING OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS REINFORCED CARBON AND ARAMID FIBERS
  ZACAL JAROSLAV, SUSTR MICHAL, DOSTAL PETR, BRABEC MARTIN
  view abstract fulltext xzacal@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: This paper describes the prediction of material properties in composites reinforced with carbon or aramid fibres and its tensile testing. In course of tensile test the acoustic signal emission (AE) was recorded. Experimental results point to significant influence of fibre on mechanical properties of sample. AE gives the detailed overview of mechanical changes and durability thresholds in material structure in time course. With use of specialized software it is possible to interpret the AE signal to identify the current state of material integrity in real time.

  
   
• ACOUSTIC EMISSION DURING TESTING INTEGRITY AND PRESSURE RESISTANCE OF JAPANESE QUAIL EGGS
  ZACAL JAROSLAV, SUSTR MICHAL, KUMBAR VOJTECH, DOSTAL PETR, VOTAVA JIRI, NEDOMOVA SARKA
  view abstract fulltext xzacal@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: This paper deals with standard testing of egg shell integrity including breaking the shell with destructive pressure testing and monitoring the acoustic emission (AE) signal in real time. Purpose of this experiment was to verify the suitability of AE recording during the pressure test with continuous force load. Experiment was conducted on 18 samples of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) eggs, divided to four categories according to quality. Testing was also conducted on eggs with fractured shell structure. According to terminology coined in National technical standard (ČSN EN 1330-9), the acoustic emission means elastic tension waves generated by dynamic release of mechanical tension inside the material structure. AE recordings show low level of impulses. It was found that RMS values are insignificant in the recordings, there is no observable elastic tension wave generated with dynamic tension inside the egg shell in course of force load.

  
   

Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry

• ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF FULLERENES MODIFIED WITH MAXIMIN H5 DERIVATIVES
  DOSTALOVA SIMONA, MILOSAVLJEVIC VEDRAN, GURAN ROMAN, KOMINKOVA MARKETA, CIHALOVA KRISTYNA, KOPEL PAVEL, VACULOVICOVA MARKETA, ADAM VOJTECH, KIZEK RENE
  view abstract fulltext simona1dostalova@gmail.com
  

  Abstract: The properties of various peptides, including their antiviral or antibacterial activity, are highly dependent on their sequence. Maximin and maximin H peptides can be abundantly found in the skin and brain of Asian frog Bombina maxima, enabling it to fight with the frequent exposure to various microbes. Derivatives of 20 amino acid long maximin H5 also show antiviral activity. In this work, 6 derivatives of maximin H5 were prepared, with aspartic acid at position 11 exchanged for alanine, asparagine, glycine, histidine, valine or tyrosine. Their antiviral and antimicrobial activity was measured using plaque assay or growth curves method, respectively. To increase these properties, the peptides were bound to C₆₀ fullerenes, whose surface was activated using either nitric or trimesic acid. As model organisms, bacteriophage λ and its host bacteria Escherichia coli were used. The mutation of maximin H5 sequence significantly increased its antiviral activity. Maximin H5 derivatives with aspartic acid exchanged for asparagine, valine or tyrosine had the highest antiviral activity, further increased when bound on the surface of fullerenes activated with trimesic acid.  

  
   
• BIOSORPTION EFFICIENCY OF CADMIUM IONS BY GREEN ALGAE (CHLOROPHYTA) IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
  HYNSTOVA VERONIKA, KLEJDUS BORIVOJ, HEDBAVNY JOSEF
  view abstract fulltext veronika.hynstova@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: The aim of this study is to explore the biosorption process of Cd²⁺ ions by the dry algal biomass (Coccomyxa subellipsoidea, Chlorella vulgaris, Parachlorella kessleri, Scenedesmus quadricauda, Trebouxia erici)and to investigate the biosorption process by the plant biosorbent Tillandsia usneoides from aqueous solutions. In this study, we tested the effect of biosorbent dosage and contact time of Cd²⁺ ions with different dried algal biomass or plant on biosorption efficiency (%). The initial concentration of Cd²⁺ ions was 10 mg/L. The solutions were filtered in four time intervals. Final concentration of Cd²⁺ ions in the filtrates was determined by the atomic absorption spectrometry on the CONTRAA 700 (Analytik Jena) at the wavelength 228.8 nm. The biosorption efficiency was found to be biomass dosage dependent. When the biomass dose was increased ten times, from 0.2 g/L on 2 g/L, the maximum biosorption efficiency of Cd²⁺ increased 75.05% from 39.01. The alga Parachlorella was demonstrated as the most effective biosorbent of ions Cd²⁺ with maximum percentage biosorption 73.14% (corresponds to 3.657 mg Cd²⁺/g DW), in comparison to Tillandsia usneoides which only reached 37.66% (corresponds to 1.916 mg Cd²⁺/g DW).

  
   
• AUTOMATION AND MINIATURIZATION OF BETA-GLUCOSIDASE KINETICS MEASUREMENT
  KLIMES PAVEL
  view abstract Paja.klimes@gmail.com
  

  Maize beta-glucosidase Zm-p60.1 is enzyme (EC 3.2.1.21) that hydrolyses various substrates to form glucose and aglycon. Plant hormones, cytokinins are released from natural conjugates and these compounds are important for the regulation of cell division and plant development. Aglycons of artificial substrates have often suitable optical properties to measure their concentrations like para-nitrophenole that can be easily measured at high pH by spectrophotometry at 405 nm. We automated and miniaturized enzyme kinetic measurements using artificial substrate para-nitrophenyl-O-beta-D-glucoside.
  
  All steps of enzyme kinetics were automated and scaled down to fit 384-well microtitration plate format (prefilling plate with 0.2 M Na2CO3 solution, enzyme dispensing, substrate prefilling, enzymatic reaction performing). All steps were performed by BioNex Nanodrop II liquid handling robotics placed in the incubator to secure 30 °C during enzymatic reaction. There was also a cooling position that helped to stop enzymatic reaction in the Na2CO3 solution. The procedure is highly customable (changing volumes of enzyme and substrate, reaction time etc.). Advantages of this automation setup are rapid reduction of chemical consumption and saving time due to using 8 needles that dispensed reaction mixture in parallel. Next advantage is dispensing of reaction mixture aliquots in 3 sec intervals that is not possible by hand pipetting. Results obtained from automated method were compared to hand pipetting with no significant difference in accuracy was observed.
  Keywords: enzyme kinetics, automation, pNPG, beta-glucosidase

  
   
• CONSTRUCTION OF REMOTE-SENSING PLATFORM FOR STRATOSPHERIC EXPERIMENTS
  KUDR JIRI, ZITKA JAN, MILOSAVLJEVIC VEDRAN, NEJDL LUKAS, ADAM VOJTECH, KIZEK RENE
  view abstract fulltext george.kudr@centrum.cz
  

  Abstract: Nowadays remote sensing represents alternative to standard laboratory analysis. It also remains the only possibility to perform analysis in dangerous or for other reasons inaccessible conditions like volcanoes, atmosphere or highly contaminated areas. These devices perform in situ analysis in order to minimize processes, which can negatively influence results. Manual sample handling, sample contamination or changes during transportation are some of them. The research of atmosphere is appealing field of science. The effects of UV radiation on living organisms which is presented above the ozone layer is known for decades, nevertheless laboratory researches are not able to evaluate the additive effect of several others negative effects like low pressure, temperature or presence of highly energetic particles. The aim of our research was to create remote sensing platform, which will be able to perform several electrochemistry-based analysis in stratosphere and enable us to quantify the effect of above-mentioned conditions on DNA.

  
   
• PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ZINC COMPLEXES AND EVALUATION OF THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY
  SKALICKOVA SYLVIE, KOPEL PAVEL, CIHALOVA KRISTYNA, NEJDL LUKAS, MELROS RODRIGO MIGUEL ANGEL, SLADEK ZBYSEK, KIZEK RENE
  view abstract fulltext sylvie.skalickova@gmail.com
  

  Abstract: Zinc chelates with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) and iminodiacetic acid (IDA) have been prepared and conditions for Zn²⁺ release have been studied. The prepared Zn²⁺ chelate complexes are of following compositions: ZnCl₂(EDTA), Zn(ClO₄)₂·6H₂O (EDTA), ZnCl₂(NTA), ZnCl₂(NTA)₃(btc), Zn(ClO₄)₂·6H₂O (NTA), ZnCl₂ (NDA), Zn(ClO₄)₂·6H₂O (NDA),ZnCl₂(NDA)₃(btc). (H₃btc = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid). All variants of Zn²⁺ complexes were diluted to the concentration range 0 – 1420 µM and the absorbance spectra in the range of 230 – 330 nm were measured. The antimicrobial properties of Zn²⁺ complexes were studied by the method of the growth curves of the bacteria cultures Staphyloccocus aureus. The 50% inhibitory concentration was determined to 500 µM of each Zn²⁺ complex. It has been found that the Zn²⁺ complexes showed increased antimicrobial effect on Staphyloccocus aureus.

  
   
• TESTING SENSITIVITY OF ARABIDOPSIS CYTOKININ RECEPTOR CRE1/AHK4 EXPRESSED IN E. COLI
  TUREK DUSAN, KLIMES PAVEL, MAZURA PAVEL, SPICHAL LUKAS, BRZOBOHATY BRETISLAV
  view abstract dusanturek@seznam.cz
  

  Testing of biologically active compounds is always challenging task. Here we want
  to demonstrate the power of liquid handling system Nanodrop II during the testing of citokinin-like compounds. The detecting system consists of the CRE1/AHK4 receptor expressed in E. coli strain KMI001 and several tested chemicals citokinin-like compounds. E. coli and tested compounds are cultivated together for 5h in microtiter plates. When the compound is recognized
  by the CRE1/AHK4, receptors trigger the expression of a reporter gene for the enzyme beta-galactosidase. After 5h of cultivation 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-galactopyranoside (artificial substrate for beta-galactosidase) is added. As final step the fluorescence intensity
  of 4-methylumbelliferone (EX 365 nm, EM 448 nm) is measured using microtiter plate reader.
  The fluorescence intensity corresponds to the amount of cytokinin-like compound used in the experiment. Using automatic liquid handling system Nanodrop II resulting in reduced time needed for dispensing ligands, E. coli suspensions and substrates compared to the hand pipetting. The accuracy of the liquid handling system allows to dispense small volumes reducing
  the consumption of chemicals. The number of tested compounds in one experimental run can be increased which speeds up testing the library of compounds and decrease the experimental time.

  
   
• EVALUATION OF APOPTOSIS AND NECROSIS OF PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES IN RATS AFTER INJECTION OF ZINC CHELATES INTO ABDOMINAL CAVITY
  VAVROVA EVA, SLADEK ZBYSEK, KOPEL PAVEL, KOMINKOVA MARKETA, ADAM VOJTECH
  view abstract fulltext eva.vavrova.umfgz@mendelu.cz
  

  Abstract: Aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of zinc chelates injected into abdominal cavity on viability of peritoneal macrophages. Three organic acids (EDTA, DTPA, NTA) were used as zinc carriers. 24 female rats were employed in this study. The rats were divided into 5 groups: 6 received intraperitoneal injection of 2 mL 40 mM Zn-EDTA (group E), 6 received intraperitoneal injection of 2 mL 40 mM Zn-DTPA (group D), 6 rats received intraperitoneal injection of 40 mM 2 mL Zn-NTA (group N), 3 rats received 2 mL of normal saline (group K4-6) and 3 rats (group K1-3 for control) were intact. On the day after injection all rats were sacrificed and peritoneal lavages were performed and cell viability analysis was done. The macrophages were divided in two morphologically different groups – group of smaller monocytes-like macrophages (ML) with kidney-shaped nuclei and pseudopodia on their surface, and a group of macrophages with spherical nuclei and many vacuoles in the cytoplasm (vacuolized macrophages, VM). Apoptosis of ML macrophages of the peritoneum in rats administrated with Zn-DTPA was almost similar to apoptosis of cells in intact animals. This means that properties of this chelate are very close to homeostasis of rats´ abdominal cavity. The apoptosis significantly increased in group E compared to K1-3. There was a significant difference between groups K1-3 and K4-6. As for necrosis the values for K1-3 and Zn-DTPA are again very close. The most damage of cells was caused by Zn-EDTA chelate. Apoptosis of vacuolized macrophages was significantly higher in groups K4-6, E and N. Necrosis of vacuolized macrophages was significantly higher in groups K4-6 and N. The Zn-DTPA chelate looks to be the mildest carrier for Zn into the organism. The present study showed that the zinc-organics acid chelates are not toxic or irritating tissues after being injected into rat´s abdomen. The Zn-DTPA had the smallest influence to the peritoneal macrophages.

  
   
• THE DISTRIBUTION AND MOBILITY OF HEAVY METALS IN THE SOILS FROM DRAHANY UPLAND
  VOROS DOMINIK, GERSLOVA EVA, GERSL MILAN, ZEMAN JOSEF
  view abstract fulltext vorosdominik@gmail.com
  

  Abstract: The main aim of the study was to evaluate a level of contamination by selected elements (zinc, lead, copper and arsenic) in soils from the southeastern part of Drahany Upland. In total, it has been collected forty-eight topsoil samples (DV01–DV48) and sixteen surface water samples (W1–W16). The heavy metal concentration has been detected by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) in the topsoil samples and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) in the surface water samples. The heavy metal mobility has been evaluated by the BCR Sequential Extraction Procedure. The Index of Geoaccumulation (I_geo) reported that the study area rang among uncontaminated or moderately contaminated by heavy metals. According to the Coefficient of Industrial Pollution (CIP) the soils are medium contaminated. The BCR method proved that lead and zinc are the most mobile elements under reducible conditions in the natural background soils, otherwise in the soils of excepted contaminated site, heavy metals have been mostly held in residual fraction. The low mobility of cuprum and arsenic has been reported in the soils. In fact, the copper and arsenic are not supposed to being come into the soil environment and into the plants, either.