Conference MendelNet 2015      11 and 12 November, 2015
Contributions

List of Contributions Conference MendelNet 2015

Agroecology

  • MISCANTHUS – POSSIBILITY OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION MITIGATION
    BERNAS JAROSLAV, JELINKOVA ZUZANA, MOUDRY JR. JAN, KOPECKY MAREK, MOUDRY JAN
    view abstract fulltext bernasj@seznam.cz

    Abstract: One of the most important renewable energy source is the energy from phytomass. Recently, there has been significant development of growing energy crops as raw materials for biogas production in biogas plants (BGP). In the conditions of the Czech Republic, it is mainly maize. Maize cultivation itself and especially technical processes associated with it participate significantly in the anthropogenic emission production. One of the ways of reducing these emissions is the substitution of maize with another plant suitable for such purposes. This may be Miscanthus x giganteus. This article presents the results of monitoring of emission load resulting from the cultivation of maize (Zea mays L.) and Miscanthus x giganteus for energy purposes. The tool to determine the level of emission load (expressed in CO2e where CO2e = 1x CO2 + 23x CH4 + 298x N2O) is the simplified Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method, respectively its Climate Impact category. For the calculations, the SIMAPro software and the ReCiPe Midpoint (H) method is used. The results show that within the cultivation of Miscanthus x giganteus for energy purposes, the CO2e production decreases during the second year of cultivation by nearly 40% per 1 kg of dry matter. While in comparison with maize, it is almost half production of CO2e per the production unit depending on the yields and energy inputs.


     
  • EVALUATION OF THE PHYTOTOXICITY OF RECYCLED MANURE SOLIDS USED FOR DAIRY CATTLE BEDDING
    BROUSKOVA ELISKA, VAVERKOVA MAGDALENA, HAVLICEK ZDENEK, ADAMCOVA DANA, PECINOVA HANA
    view abstract fulltext eliska.brouskova@mendelu.cz

    Abstract: Evaluation of the toxicity of substances and their effects on the structure and functionality of the ecosystem is performed via phytotoxicity tests. To asses the environmental impact of cattle manure solids used as bedding for dairy cattle, the present experiment used a laboratory phytotoxicity test monitoring the germination and growth of plants over a period of 21 days. Germ counts (number of growing plants) and plant biomass on samples of cattle manure solids were counted and compared 14 and 21 days after the beginning of the experiment. During the testing of cattle manure solids samples, no changes in appearance or slowdown of growth have been detected. The result have shown that the percentage of germinated seeds is lower than 90% in a portion of the samples when compared to plants growing on the control sample. The conditions are this slightly phytotoxic.


     
  • THE EFFECT OF HETEROGENEITY LANDSCAPE ON FARMLAND BIRDS
    DANKOVA RENATA, HULA VLADIMIR, NIEDOBOVA JANA
    view abstract fulltext xdanko11@node.mendelu.cz

    Abstract: Landscape structure and environmental conditions are very important factors for occurrence and survival of each animal. Traditional farming created suitable conditions for farmland birds. Landscape structure has changed extremely in the second half of the twentieth century in the Czech Republic but remained unchanged in Austria. Farmland birds are currently one of the most endangered species, therefore these birds were studied in the agricultural landscape of the Czech Republic and Austria. Point count methodology was used. The aim of the study was to determine whether the landscape heterogeneity influence on species richness and number of individuals. Homogenous agricultural landscape of the Czech Republic and heterogeneous landscape of Austria were chosen for comparison. According to the results it is evident that the heterogeneity of the landscape has a significant influence on the representation of the birds in the landscape. Heterogeneity of landscape provides for birds sufficient opportunities of shelter, food and nesting sites.


     
  • IMPACT OF HYDROPOLYMER ON NITROGEN AVAILABILITY IN MEDITERRANEAN SOIL
    DVORACKOVA HELENA, HUESO GONZALEZ PALOMA, ZAHORA JAROSLAV, ELBL JAKUB, MIKAJLO IRINA, RUIZ SINOGA JOSE DAMIAN, SVOBODA ZDENEK
    view abstract fulltext xdvorac8@node.mendelu.cz

    Abstract: Polymers are substances that are increasingly utilized in Mediterranean areas during dry seasons. Their basic property is the ability to absorb large amount of water in the rainy periods, retain the water and release it to vegetation in the periods of drought. The typical problem of Mediterranean vegetation is wilting in the dry spells. If polymer is applied to soil before the start of the rainy period, sufficient water supply for the dry season can be secured. It has been proved that polymers also have a favorable effect on a number of physical properties of soil, such as aggregate stability or infiltration. Soil is a complex system, consisting of animate and inanimate constituents, whose mutual relations and balance determine the soil fertility. The positive effect of polymer on the physical properties therefore need not entail the increase of fertility. This contribution aims to assess the impact of TerraCottem polymer on the availability of nitrogen in the soil. The results of the work suggest that the application of polymer not only improves the soil physical properties, but also influences the soil life. The experiment included work with model soils containing different amounts of polymer plus another additive. The additives applied were glucose or industrial fertilizer.


     
  • MICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SOIL INFLUENCED BY DIFFERENT LEVELS OF CRUDE OIL HYDROCARBONS CONTAMINATIONS
    DVORACKOVA HELENA, MIKAJLO IRINA, ZAHORA JAROSLAV
    view abstract fulltext xdvorac8@node.mendelu.cz

    Abstract: Bioremediation is a method of reviving the environment through natural processes. These processes may be faster and more effective thanks to modern technology. This diploma thesis deals with the topic of microbial activity of soil influenced by different levels of crude oil hydrocarbon contamination and observation of microbial consortia activity in contaminated, non-contaminated and sterile soil. The initial chapter deals with crude oil contamination and bacterial metabolism which is able to remove this contamination. A container trial was executed in the experimental part of the thesis. The plants were planted into different types of modified soil (crude oil application, sterilization etc.). The production of biomass was compared and several conclusions from the results were drawn. The basic fact is that the soil microorganisms which occur in oil soil can design a life strategy in this environment and can also prosper, which is reflected in the production of biomass. The container trial was determined as the most exact method of soil activity valuation because it most approximates the real soil proportion. Analyses of storage soil were performed after finishing the container trial. These results brought similar conclusions; however the cultivation in the culture medium and cultivation in the soil as such are incomparable. The storage soil underwent a watercress trial. This trial confirmed toxic effects of crude oil but it also showed the fact that crude oil is a natural substance and microorganisms can adapt to it. The mineralization of soil was measured with help of ionic measurements.


     
  • BIOCHAR AND ORGANIC-WASTE COMPOST AS SOIL AMENDMENTS TO ARABLE SOIL: POTENTIAL INFLUENCE ON SOIL REACTION, SALINITY AND PHYTOTOXICITY
    ELBL JAKUB, MIKAJLO IRINA, BRTNICKY MARTIN, KYNICKY JINDRICH
    view abstract fulltext jakub.elbl@mendelu.cz

    Abstract: Biochar may become a key element in our agriculture in the future, particularly in terms of soil fertility maintenance and negative impacts of soil erosion processes avoiding. From a global perspective biochar can be used in isolation of atmospheric CO2. Present work deals with different properties of biochar from woody biomass, arable soil and compost. Conductivity, pH and total amount of dissolved solids (salinity) in the water extract has been determined for each of the samples. The measured results show a clear difference between biochar, arable soil and compost. Furthermore based on these results we conclude the potential effect of biochar addition on soil health and quality.


     
  • CAN GREEN ROOFS PURIFY STORMWATER RUNOFF? - THE ESTABLISHMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL GREEN ROOFS
    FILIPOVA LENKA, HUBACIKOVA VERA
    view abstract fulltext lenka.filipova@mendelu.cz

    Abstract: This article introduces the establishment of the experimental green roofs and of green roof research on Mendel University in Brno. The experimental green roofs were established in August 2015 and it is based on current issues of rainwater management and the quality of storm water launched into recipients or sewage system. There is a valid legislation addressing the management of rainwater in environment – decree no. 268/2009, Coll., and decree no. 269/2009, Coll. Four experimental plots were created and placed in Mendel University Campus. It was hypothesized that different types of experimental plots will result in different amount of retained water and in different quality of water runoff. Water quality will be monitored and evaluated by Government Regulation no. 23/2011, Coll., using spectrophotometric method, then analysed in laboratory of the Department of Applied and Landscape Ecology, Mendel University in Brno.


     
  • EFFECT OF SOIL CONDITIONERS APPLICATION ON NUTRIENTS AND HUMIC SUBSTANCES CONTENT IN POT EXPERIMENTS
    HABOVA MAGDALENA, POSPISILOVA LUBICA
    view abstract fulltext xhabova1@node.mendelu.cz

    Abstract: The aim of our work was to study the effect of selected soil conditioners on nutrients and humic substances content in pot experiments (Phytotron CLF PlantMaster, Wertingen, Germany). Object of our study was Haplic Cambisol reached from locality Vatín (Czech Republic). For pot experiments we used 835 g of soil and 50 g of each conditioners (biochar, digestate, lignite, compost), except lignohumate. Lignohumate was applied in dose 5 g and 835 g of soil, because of high content of soluble salts. As tested plant we chose lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Nutrients content was determined by Mehlich III. Humic substances fractionation was made by Kononova and Belchikova method. All studied conditioners mainly effected total carbon content in soil. Application of lignohumate had the highest effect on nutrients content and fractional composition of humus.


     
  • DETERMINATION OF SOIL ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION USING PORTABLE XRF ANALYSER
    HABOVA MAGDALENA, POSPISILOVA LUBICA, RENCIUKOVA VERONIKA
    view abstract fulltext xhabova1@node.mendelu.cz

    Abstract: Ex-situ elemental analysis of soil and silica-sand growing medium using portable XRF analyser Niton XL3t GOLD+ is presented. Object of study was Haplic Cambisol (Vatín, Czech Republic) and silica-sand growing medium. Both of them are supposed to be used for further pot experiments with selenium application. Application two forms: sodium selenium and selenium particles; and two concentrations: 0.2 mg and 2 mg). Therefore elemental analysis and trace elements determination was necessary. We came to the conclusion, that portable XRF analyser represents quick                    and convenient methods for determination of elemental composition in soils and growing medium.


     
  • DEVELOPMENT OF USE OF AGRICULTURAL LAND IN THE SELECTED AREA
    HANUSOVA HELENA, CHOVANCOVA SVETLANA, WINKLER JAN
    view abstract fulltext helcahanusova@gmail.com

    Abstract: Paper deals with analysis of historical development LAND USE and ecological stability coefficients calculations. Three cadastral areas Čečkovice, Jeřišno and Maleč were used for analysis. The goal is to determine how land use has changed over the years 1845 and 2000. The overall stability of the land was detected using the coefficient of ecological stability. Historical data analysis Land use showed significant changes in landscape use. The increase of arable lands and forest areas was due to change of farming management. Changing farming also affects the loss of pastures. Calculations of ecological stability coefficients showed difference between two methodologies. Even though it can be stated that the area is generally less stable and its stability decreases with time. Since the area of interest is located in a protected part of the Iron Mountains, there should be a higher ecological stability.


     
  • SPIDERS OF THE VINE PLANTS IN SOUTHERN MORAVIA
    HAVLOVA LUCIE
    view abstract lucie.havlova@mendelu.cz

    Landscape heterogeneity and presence of surrounding habitats is a frequently studied topic because in many European agricultural landscapes we can see the decline of species richness and it is the growing problem in recent years. Landscape heterogeneity affects spatial distribution of species and it‘s conservation is important to ensure a positive future development of landscape. We had chosen typical landscape mosaic across southern Moravia, meaning vineyards, for our research. Araneofauna of vineyards is relatively known in Central Europe but we have a lack of knowledge about araneofauna which occur directly on the vine plants. The study was conducted in the commercial wine production. Our investigation was focused on spiders which live on vine plants, especially on the vine plants trunks.


     
  • PLANNED RESEARCH DESCRIPTION AND METHODICS OF THE IMPACT OF BUILDINGS IN A FLOOD PLAIN AREA DURING FLOODS
    JIROUT MILAN, HUBACIKOVA VERA, TOMAN FRANTISEK
    view abstract fulltext xjirout@mendelu.cz

    Abstract: This contribution presents a description and a methodology of planned future research, which will deal with the impact of buildings during floods. For the area of interest was selected part of the watercourse Jevíčka basin around town Jevíčko. There is an industrial complex of REHAU Company in the town, which is planned to be expanded. The processing will be done using the modelling program FLO-2D and 1D HEC-RAS to determine how the complex will be affected by flood flows. Then will be proposed measures to enhance the protection of people and property will be proposed and these options will be compared with each other.


     
  • RESEARCH INTO THE USE OVERSIZE FRACTION OF COMPOSTING
    JORDANKOVA KATERINA, HORACKOVA KRISTYNA, STEJSKAL BOHDAN
    view abstract fulltext xjordank@node.mendelu.cz

    Abstract: Research into the use oversize fraction of composting based on the requirements of legislation to reduce the total amount of biodegradable municipal waste going to landfills and current aid of composting.Prior to shipment of finished compost from the composting facility is required, this compost is supersaturated.Oversize fraction arises, which contains large lumps of compost, composted fraction of biodegradable municipal waste (mainly wood), aggregates and impurities (plastic, glass, metals, etc.).Part of this fraction is re-used in the composting process as inoculum and carbon source, excess oversize fraction is at best used as a technological material to secure landfills, or worse landfilled as waste is stabilized.Such handling oversize component of composting is highly uneconomic and in the future will be illegal, because most components of the oversize fraction are also useable. The biggest potential of oversize fraction for further utilization offers composted wood, which can be separated from the oversize fraction and further processed for commercial purposes.The possibility of separation of wood (and other components) from the oversize fraction is wet and the dry method.These methods have been validated in the determination of the individual material components of oversize fraction, which was collected from the Company Central Composting Brno. Work drafts the technological processes of separation of wood (and other components) from the oversize fraction and discusses their potentials, barriers, advantages and disadvantages. The work suggests other (commercial) use for each of separate material components (wood) from the oversize fraction.


     
  • EFFECT OF COMPOST AMENDMENT ON HEAVY METALS TRANSPORT TO PLANT
    KUBNA DANIELA, ELBL JAKUB, PLOSEK LUKAS
    view abstract fulltext xkubna@node.mendelu.cz

    Abstract: Concentration of heavy metals in environment has been significantly affected by human since last century. This work presents the analysis of the influence of compost amendment on heavy metals transport to the plantLactuca sativa L. grown in contaminated soils. To demonstrate the effect of compost, a pot experiment was performed. Eight variants of soils with different concentrations of pollutants with and without compost amendment were prepared. The contaminated soils we used in our experiment come from the Nord France region Noyelles-Godault. Main pollutants were Pb, Cd and Zn. The decrease of heavy metals content in plants was observed by the simultaneous applications of compost to contaminated soils, from 10% to 50% in comparison with the variants without compost amendment. The BCF (bioconcentration factor) gives a clear view on reduced uptake of HM (heavy metal) by plant. Based on these results, we conclude that application of organic waste compost has positive effect on immobilization and bioavailability of heavy metals.


     
  • SOIL EROSION MODELING IN CADASTRAL AREA TRENČIANSKA TURNÁ
    MICHAL PETER, MALENCIKOVA TAMARA, LACKOOVA LENKA
    view abstract fulltext petomichal1@gmail.com

    Abstract: Paper deals with calculation and modelling of soil erosion in chosen area. The case study area is in municipality of Trenčianska Turná, area is selected because this location is monitored and data of soil and climatic characteristics are available, as well as information about cultivated crops and crop management. Paper deals with both wind and water erosion. Potential and actual erosion soil transport is calculated by means of soil loss equation USLE and by means of WEQ equation for wind erosion.  Results show how erosion soil transport can be decreased.


     
  • SOIL MINERAL NITROGEN TRANSFORMATION IN TERMS OF BIOCHAR AMENDMENT ALONG WITH MINERAL ADDITIVES AND INOCULUMS INFLUENCE
    MIKAJLO IRINA, ZAHORA JAROSLAV, DVORACKOVA HELENA, ELBL JAKUB, HYNSHT JAROSLAV, SVOBODA ZDENEK
    view abstract fulltext irina.mikajlo@mendelu.cz

    Abstract: The carbon rich solid formed by pyrolysis of biomass or “biochar” with its storage in soils considered to be as a mean of climate changes mitigation by sequestering carbon. Investigators argue biochar’s effectiveness as a global warming solution due to its remaining stable in the soil for many years and its positive effect on soil fertility with its special particular chemical and biological properties. However, soil treatment with a freshly prepared biochar may cause a danger of plant growth deterioration. The main target of the following research is to investigate the effect of biochar amendment along with the microbial inoculums and fertilizers addition on soil mineral nitrogen transformation by measuring its content in test soil and the availability of nitrogen for soil microbes. Different variants with biochar treatment along with two types of inoculums and mineral fertilizer amendment have been adjusted in a growth box during the experiment conduction. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is considering as a sensitive indicator to soil state changes hence it has been chosen as an experimental test-plant. Determination of nitrogen availability and measurement of mineral nitrogen leaching have been analyzed. It has been observed that the application of inoculums along with biochar amendment supports microbial activity and consequent nitrogen immobilization that has been accompanied with low values of both NH4+-N and NO3--N losses.


     
  • DIFFERENCE OF MACROELEMENTS CONTENT BETWEEN VARIANTS WITH APPLICATION OF DIGESTATE AND CALCIUM AMMONIUM NITRATE DURING VEGETATION SEASON - PERMANENT GRASSLAND
    SIMECKOVA JANA, JANDAK JIRI
    view abstract fulltext jana.simeckova.uapmv@mendelu.cz

    Abstract: Nutrients are very important for crop production. Our agriculture would not exist without external inputs of nutrients. The external inputs of nutrients are provided fertilizers. We have the opportunity to choose from a large number of fertilizers. With the expanding amount of biogas production is increasingly applied by-product of their activities (digestate) to the soil as fertilizer.

    This article describes the differences content of macroelements and pH/KCl between variant with digestate and calcium ammonium nitrate by vegetation cover permanent grassland. These results were taken from a field trial. It can state that it was found statistical significant differences between contents of macroelements and pH/KCl too.


     
  • CHANGES ORGANIC CARBON CONTENT DEPENDING ON THE FERTILIZER MANAGEMENT
    SIMECKOVA JANA, JANDAK JIRI
    view abstract fulltext jana.simeckova.uapmv@mendelu.cz

    Abstract: The current agricultural practices cannot do without external input. The ground biomass is removed from soil. For this reason, it cannot produce soil organic matter. It affects negatively many other soil properties (soil structure, cation exchange capacity, water retention, etc.) and yield.

    In recent years, biogas plants have been built increasingly. It exists the idea, we can apply by-products in soil. And it may represent an effective strategy to tackle the widespread loss of soil organic matter acknowledged in the last decades.

    This article describes the differences in content of organic carbon (Corg) between two terms sampling – the autumn 2014 and the spring 2015 by three fertilizer managements – manure, calcium ammonium nitrate and digestate. The samples were taken from two depths – 0.03–0.07 m and 0.13–0.17 m. In addition, the samples from spring sampling were evaluated statistically.

    Our results suggest that the most Corg content had a variant with manure application. There were differences of Corg content depending on the depth.


     
  • BIOCHAR APPLICATION INTO THE SOIL - SIMULATION OF THE LATE-PHASE EFFECT-MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
    SVOBODA ZDENEK, ZAHORA JAROSLAV, MIKAJLO IRINA, DVORACKOVA HELENA
    view abstract fulltext xsvobod5@node.mendelu.cz

    Abstract: Biochar is a fine-grained material produced by pyrolysis. During pyrolysis, plant cells carbonize and a chemical change occurs which increases the resistance to microbial decomposition. The application of biochar to soil brings many benefits. Among others, biochar can be used to “siphon” CO2 from the air into stable forms in the soil, which could also contribute to carbon sequestration. In terms of agricultural management, the addition of biochar into soil increases its fertility, water and nutrient retention and accumulation of rainfall water. The improvement of the physical properties of the soil, in particular, increase in the capillary water capacity, leads to increased productivity of plant growing, higher microbial activity of the soil and greater availability of nutrients, particularly P and K.  However, biochar loses its ability to directly stimulate microbial activity after remaining in the soil for a longer period of time, since the attractive substances in the biochar which accompany the pyrolysis process will have been used up by the microbes. In this later stage, biochar mainly improves the physical characteristics of soil and thus indirectly stimulates microorganisms and improves soil fertility. To simulate biochar depleted of nutrients, the experiment used activated carbon. To answer the question of how biochar which has remained in the soil for a long period of time influences the movement of nutrients and water in the soil after application and thus affects the fertility of the soil, we performed and evaluated a pot experiment. In the experiment, activated carbon was applied along with different doses of compost, and a relation was sought between the experimental variants. The study monitored mainly the activity of microorganisms, soil respiration, nitrogen availability index and colonization of roots by mycorrhizal fungi. The goal is to answer the question of the extent of stabilized biochar effectiveness on the soil-plant-microorganism system.


     
  • INTERACTION BETWEEN LIMING AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON SEMI-NATURAL GRASSLAND
    TAUSOVA LUCIE, SIMECKOVA JANA, DETVANOVA LENKA
    view abstract fulltext lucie.marsalkova@mendelu.cz

    Abstract: The experiment monitors the changes of exchangeable soil reaction (pH) and yields of the semi-natural grassland after using dolomitic limestone and urea (with and without inhibitors). The field experiment was founded on the area of 480 m2 in Bohemian-Moravian Highlands. These variants were followed: not limed - control (C), not limed + urea (NL + U), not limed + urea with urease inhibitor (NL + UI), not limed + urea with nitrification inhibitor (NL + NI). Likewise there were differentiated variants of nitrogen fertilization, where the liming was done:  limed (L), limed + urea (L+ U), limed + urea with urease inhibitor (L+ UI), limed + urea with nitrification inhibitor (L + NI). Liming was done by dolomitic limestone at a dose of 1.8 t ∙ ha -1. The urea fertilizers were applied at a dose of 100 kg ∙ ha -1.  After the first mowing in June 2014, the data from one year of the experiment were evaluated. The results showed that the interaction between liming and nitrogen fertilization was not statistically significant, maybe average values of pH observed that liming clearly increased the pH values of the soil (L, L+U, L+UI, L+NI). The effect of dolomitic limestone and nitrogen fertilizers was not statistically significant, even in case of the yield of dry forage. It is however clear that all variants with liming had lower yield even than the control variant (C).